Search results for "RAM"
showing 10 items of 35643 documents
On the structural connectivity of large-scale models of brain networks at cellular level
2021
AbstractThe brain’s structural connectivity plays a fundamental role in determining how neuron networks generate, process, and transfer information within and between brain regions. The underlying mechanisms are extremely difficult to study experimentally and, in many cases, large-scale model networks are of great help. However, the implementation of these models relies on experimental findings that are often sparse and limited. Their predicting power ultimately depends on how closely a model’s connectivity represents the real system. Here we argue that the data-driven probabilistic rules, widely used to build neuronal network models, may not be appropriate to represent the dynamics of the …
The Immunomodulatory Properties of the Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Are Induced by INF-γ Produced by Activated Lymphomonocytes…
2020
Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), being immunoprivileged and having immunomodulatory ability, represent a promising tool to be applied in the field of regenerative medicine. Based on numerous in vitro evidences, the immunological effects of MSCs on immune cells could depend on different mechanisms as cell-to-cell contact and paracrine signals. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs is initiated by activated immune cells; thus, their interaction represents a potential homeostatic mechanism by which MSCs regulate the immune response. MSCs also release exosomes able to give different effects, in a paracrine manner, by influencing inflammato…
The expression and prognostic relevance of programmed cell death protein 1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma
2020
Background Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) is an immune checkpoint receptor which plays an important role in a patient´s immune responses to microbial and cancer antigens. It is expressed in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with many different malignancies. The aim of the study was to evaluate PD‐1 expression and its prognostic value in tongue cancer. Methods The data of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients (N=81) treated in Tampere University Hospital between 1999‐2013 was used. Control data consisted of patients with non‐malignant tongue mucous membrane lesions (N=48). The formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples were stained immunohistochemically and scanned via dig…
The anti-oxidative role of cytoglobin in podocytes: implications for a role in chronic kidney disease
2020
Abstract: Aims: Cytoglobin (CYGB) is a member of the mammalian globin family of respiratory proteins. Despite extensive research efforts, its physiological role remains largely unknown, but potential functions include reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and signaling. Accumulating evidence suggests that ROS play a crucial role in podocyte detachment and apoptosis during diabetic kidney disease. This study aimed to explore the potential antioxidative renal role of CYGB both in vivo and in vitro. Results: Using a Cygb-deficient mouse model, we demonstrate a Cygb-dependent reduction in renal function, coinciding with a reduced number of podocytes. To specifically assess the putative a…
Data concerning the proteolytic resistance and oxidative stress in LAN5 cells after treatment with BSA hydrogels
2016
AbstractProteolytic resistance is a relevant aspect to be tested in the formulation of new nanoscale biomaterials. The action of proteolytic enzymes is a very fast process occurring in the range of few minutes. Here, we report data concerning the proteolytic resistance of a heat-set BSA hydrogel obtained after 20-hour incubation at 60°C prepared at the pH value of 3.9, pH at which the hydrogel presents the highest elastic character with respect to gel formed at pH 5.9 and 7.4 “Heat-and pH-induced BSA conformational changes, hydrogel formation and application as 3D cell scaffold” (G. Navarra, C. Peres, M. Contardi, P. Picone, P.L. San Biagio, M. Di Carlo, D. Giacomazza, V. Militello, 2016) […
Attenuation of 7-ketocholesterol- and 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced oxiapoptophagy by nutrients, synthetic molecules and oils: Potential for the prev…
2021
Age-related diseases for which there are no effective treatments include cardiovascular diseases; neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease; eye disorders such as cataract and age-related macular degeneration; and, more recently, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). These diseases are associated with plasma and/or tissue increases in cholesterol derivatives mainly formed by auto-oxidation: 7-ketocholesterol, also known as 7-oxo-cholesterol, and 7β-hydroxycholesterol. The formation of these oxysterols can be considered as a consequence of mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunction, leading to increased in oxidative stress, which is accentuated with age. 7-ketocholester…
Autophagy as a defense strategy against stress: focus on Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos exposed to cadmium
2015
Autophagy is used by organisms as a defense strategy to face environmental stress. This mechanism has been described as one of the most important intracellular pathways responsible for the degradation and recycling of proteins and organelles. It can act as a cell survival mechanism if the cellular damage is not too extensive or as a cell death mechanism if the damage/stress is irreversible; in the latter case, it can operate as an independent pathway or together with the apoptotic one. In this review, we discuss the autophagic process activated in several aquatic organisms exposed to different types of environmental stressors, focusing on the sea urchin embryo, a suitable system recently in…
2-Methoxyestradiol and Its Combination with a Natural Compound, Ferulic Acid, Induces Melanoma Cell Death via Downregulation of Hsp60 and Hsp90
2019
Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer with one of the highest mortality rates. Notably, its incidence in the last few decades has increased faster than any other cancer. Therefore, searching for novel anticancer therapies is of great clinical importance. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer potential of 2-methoxyestradiol, potent chemotherapeutic, in the A375 melanoma cellular model. In order to furthermore evaluate the anticancer efficacy of 2-methoxyestradiol, we have additionally combined the treatment with a naturally occurring polyphenol, ferulic acid. The results were obtained using the melanoma A375 cellular model. In the study, we used MTT assay, flow cytomet…
Transcriptomic study of the toxic mechanism triggered by beauvericin in Jurkat cells
2018
Beauvericin (BEA), an ionophoric cyclic hexadepsipeptide mycotoxin, is able to increase oxidative stress by altering membrane ion permeability and uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. A toxicogenomic study was performed to investigate gene expression changes triggered by BEA exposure (1.5, 3 and 5 mu M; 24 h) in Jurkat cells through RNA-sequencing and differential gene expression analysis. Perturbed gene expression was observed in a concentration dependent manner, with 43 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) overlapped in the three studied concentrations. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed several biological processes related to electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, and cel…
Mechanisms of beauvericin toxicity and antioxidant cellular defense
2015
Beauvericin (BEA) is a secondary metabolite produced by many species of fungus Fusarium. This study determines the injury (cell viability, cell proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell death and DNA damage) and the intracellular defense mechanisms (catalase and superoxide dismutase) in Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells after BEA exposure. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that BEA induces cytotoxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner in CHO-K1 cells. Moreover, disruption in mitochondrial enzymatic activity and cell proliferation has been observed after BEA exposure, which can lead or be consequence of cell death. BEA inhibits cell proliferation by arresting…