Search results for "RAM"
showing 10 items of 35643 documents
Who needs to care about small, dense low-density lipoproteins?
2007
Summary Background: Increasing evidence suggest that the ‘quality’ rather than only the ‘quantity’ of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) exerts a great influence on the cardiovascular risk. Small, dense LDL seem to be an important predictor of cardiovascular events and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) and their predominance has been accepted as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Discussion: Some studies showed in past years that small, dense LDL are usually elevated in patients at very high cardiovascular risk, such as those with CAD and type 2 diabetes. More recently elevated levels of these particles hav…
Neurochemistry of identified motoneurons of the tensor tympani muscle in rat middle ear
2008
The objective of the present study was to identify efferent and afferent transmitters of motoneurons of the tensor tympani muscle (MoTTM) to gain more insight into the neuronal regulation of the muscle. To identify MoTTM, we injected the fluorescent neuronal tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG) into the muscle after preparation of the middle ear in adult rats. Upon terminal uptake and retrograde neuronal transport, we observed FG in neurons located lateral and ventrolateral to the motor trigeminal nucleus ipsilateral to the injection site. Immunohistochemical studies of these motoneurons showed that apparently all contained choline acetyltransferase, demonstrating their motoneuronal character. Different…
Pre- and Postjunctional Muscarinic Receptors in the Guinea-pig Trachea
1991
ABSTRACT The effects of M2- and Me-selective muscarinic antagonists on electrically evoked [3H]acetylcholine release and muscle contraction were compared in the isolated guinea-pig trachea. The M2-selective antagonists methoctramine and AF-DX 116 were more potent in enhancing the evoked release than in inhibiting the contractile response. As a consequence of the selective blockade of the inhibitory autoreceptors the evoked muscle contractions were enhanced by low concentrations (0.1 μmol/l) of the M2-selective antagonists. The Me-selective antagonists 4-DAMP, UH-AH 37 and pFHHSiD were more potent in reducing the contraction than in facilitating the evoked release. Surprisingly, HHSiD did no…
Corticospinal and intracortical excitability is modulated in the knee extensors after acute strength training.
2021
The corticospinal responses to high-intensity and low-intensity strength-training of the upper limb are modulated in an intensity-dependent manner. Whether an intensity-dependent threshold occurs following acute strength training of the knee extensors (KE) remains unclear. We assessed the corticospinal responses following high-intensity (85% of maximal strength) or low-intensity (30% of maximal strength) KE strength-training with measures taken during an isometric KE task at baseline, post-5, 30 and 60-min. Twenty-eight volunteers (23 ± 3 years) were randomized to high-intensity (n = 11), low-intensity (n = 10) or to a control group (n = 7). Corticospinal responses were evoked with transcra…
Do Running and Strength Exercises Reduce Daily Muscle Inactivity Time?
2016
Understanding how a specific exercise changes daily activity patterns is important when designing physical activity interventions. We examined the effects of strength and interval running exercise sessions on daily activity patterns using recordings of quadriceps and hamstring muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity and inactivity. Five male and five female subjects taking part in a 10-week training programme containing both strength and interval running training sessions were measured for daily muscle EMG activities during three days: on a strength day, an interval running day, and a day without exercise. EMG was measured using textile electrodes embedded into sport shorts that were worn 9…
The influence of the C1-inhibitor BERINERT® and the protein-free haemodialysate ACTIHAEMYL20%® on the evolution of the depth of scald burns in a porc…
1997
Standardized deep partial-thickness burns were inflicted on domestic pigs by scalding 30 per cent of the skin surface for 25 s with 75 degrees C hot water. The animals (n = 18; weight 25-35 kg) were divided into three groups: I, control group (n = 6), Ringer's lactate only; II, haemodialysate group (n = 6), Ringer's lactate and a protein-free haemodialysate of calf-blood (ACTIHAEMYL20%; AH) and III, C1-inhibitor group (n = 6), Ringer's lactate and C1-inhibitor (C1-INH; BERINERT). Skin biopsies were taken at defined time points (4, 28, 52 and 76 h) and investigated histologically. Depth of burn was determined morphometrically after coloration with a modified MTT-staining on frozen sections o…
Modulatory action of acetylcholine on cerebrovascular sympathetic neurotransmission
1991
1. Acetylcholine (10 micrograms/min) diminished the electrically-induced cerebral blood flow reductions. Atropine (1-2 mg) partially blocked this inhibitory effect. 2. Exogenously administered noradrenaline (1-10 micrograms) and tyramine (50-500 micrograms) reduced cerebral blood flow but this effect was unchanged by acetylcholine infusion. 3. Acetylcholine inhibited the nonadrenergic component of the electrically-induced contraction at a concentration greater than or equal to 10(-6) M and potentiated the adrenergic component at a concentration greater than or equal to 10(5) M. Atropine 10(-7) M) inhibited both of these effects. In addition, acetylcholine (10(-4) M) enhanced the electricall…
Differential effects of hypothermia on neuronal efflux, release and uptake of noradrenaline
1972
Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused at 34° (control), 24° or 12°C. The neuronal efflux of noradrenaline after perfusion with the amine for 1 h was depressed at 24° C (Q 10 about 5) in the presence or absence of desipramine; at 12°C the efflux was below the limit of estimation. Moderate reduction of the temperature (24° C) decreased the removal of perfused noradrenaline to about 60% of the control value and caused a 1.7-fold increase of the output of noradrenaline evoked by sympathetic nerve stimulation. It is concluded that the extremely temperature-dependent efflux of noradrenaline across the axonal membrane is not part of the release of noradrenaline evoked by nerve stimulation.
Transient mid-ventricular dyskinesia: a variant of Takotsubo syndrome
2008
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy is characterized by a reversible systolic left ventricular apical ballooning. A new pattern of dyskinesia in the absence of angiographic evidence of coronary artery stenosis has been indicated like a variant of takotsubo cardiomiopathy: mid-ventricular akinesis with preservation of apical and basal contractilities revealed at echocardiograms and ventriculographies. We report the case of a 65 years old patient with this pattern, reverted in 4 weeks.
Effects of combined electromyostimulation and gymnastics training in prepubertal girls.
2011
This study investigated the effects of a 6-week combined electromyostimulation (EMS) and gymnastic training program on muscle strength and vertical jump performance of prepubertal gymnasts. Sixteen young women gymnasts (age 12.4 ± 1.2 yrs) participated in this study, with 8 in the EMS group and the remaining 8 as controls. EMS was conducted on knee extensor muscles for 20 minutes 3 times a week during the first 3 weeks and once a week during the last 3 weeks. Gymnasts from both groups underwent similar gymnastics training 5-6 times a week. Isokinetic torque of the knee extensors was determined at different eccentric and concentric angular velocities ranging from -60 to +240° per second. Jum…