Search results for "RATES"
showing 10 items of 1636 documents
Ancient Medicine in the Galenic Corpus: The Story of a Concealment
2021
The paper proposes, starting from some certain or probable allusions (in part. a passage in Galen's Commentary on 'Epidemics' 2, only extant in Arabic translation), but also from some striking omissions ('Ancient medicine' is not mentioned in the history of hygiene that Galen traces out in the central chapters of Thrasybulus), to reconstruct the history of this significant ‘concealment’. This will also be done in the light of the numerous passages in the corpus in which Galen advocates, constantly linking it to Hippocrates, the ideal of medicine that is ‘physiologica’.
Use of artificial substrates for sampling benthic macroinvertebrates in the assessment of water quality of large lowland rivers
2004
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the usefulness of the artificial substrate sampler in collecting macroinvertebrates for water quality assessment of Polish lowland rivers. This paper presents the results of a comparative study between two different sampling techniques, i.e. nettings filled with brick as artificial substrates and handnet sampling. The validity of applying the biotic index method is also demonstrated. The Belgian Biotic Index (BBI) method and the lower Nysa Kłodzka river were chosen for study. Macroinvertebrates were collected seasonally at five sampling sites. Although some invertebrate taxa revealed a specific preference for one of the two tested sampling…
The efficacy of two immunostimulants against Flavobacterium columnare infection in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
2009
Abstract Bacterium Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease in many wild and farmed fish species. Immunostimulants are used with success in aquaculture against many pathogens, but the ability to improve innate resistance to columnaris disease has not been studied. Fingerling rainbow trout were treated with two immunostimulants, yeast β-glucan and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB). Selected innate immune function parameters, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by whole blood and by isolated head kidney leukocytes, plasma lysozyme activity and complement bacteriolytic activity, were determined to assess the immune status of fish. The fish were then bath…
Identification of glucan-mannoprotein complexes in the cell wall of Candida albicans using a monoclonal antibody that reacts with a (1,6)- -glucan ep…
1995
The use of a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) that reacts with (1,6)-beta-glucan has permitted the study of the different covalent linkages between glucan and mannoproteins in the cell wall of Candida albicans. The mAb JRR1 was originally raised by immunization with Zymolyase extracts from C. albicans cell walls, but it soon became apparent that it reacted with a (1,6)-beta-glucan epitope. By using this antibody, we show the existence of glucan-mannoprotein complexes between the (1,6)-beta-glucan epitope recognized by the antibody and cell wall mannoproteins. The topology of the (1,6)-beta-glucan in the cell wall of C. albicans has also been studied.
An extended Benthic Quality Index for assessment of lake profundal macroinvertebrates: addition of indicator taxa by multivariate ordination and weig…
2014
The chironomid Benthic Quality Index (BQI) is a widely used metric in assessments of lake status. The BQI is based on 7 indicator taxa, which like most profundal fauna, often occur sporadically in low densities. Hence, a major weakness of the index is that it cannot be calculated when indicator taxa are not captured. Thus, an extension of the BQI that incorporates more macroinvertebrate taxa is desirable. We used 2 statistical approaches (Detrended Correspondence Analysis and Weighted Averaging) to estimate new benthic quality indicator scores for profundal macroinvertebrate taxa and to construct modified BQIs called Profundal Invertebrate Community Metrics (PICMs). We calibrated the PICMs …
The L-tartrate/succinate antiporter TtdT (YgjE) of L-tartrate fermentation in Escherichia coli.
2007
ABSTRACT Escherichia coli ferments l -tartrate under anaerobic conditions in the presence of an additional electron donor to succinate. The carrier for l -tartrate uptake and succinate export and its relation to the general C 4 -dicarboxylate carriers DcuA, DcuB, and DcuC were studied. The secondary carrier TtdT, encoded by the ttdT (previously called ygjE ) gene, is required for the uptake of l -tartrate. The ttdT gene is located downstream of the ttdA and ttdB genes, encoding the l -tartrate dehydratase TtdAB. Analysis of mRNA by reverse transcription-PCR showed that ttdA , ttdB , and ttdT are cotranscribed. Deletion of ttdT abolished growth by l -tartrate and degradation of l -tartrate c…
A search for beta-lactamase in chlamydiae, mycoplasmas, planctomycetes, and cyanelles: bacteria and bacterial descendants at different phylogenetic p…
2000
Bacteria from different phylogenetic positions such as chlamydiae, mycoplasmas, planctomycetes and also endosymbiotic murein-containing cyanelles were investigated for the production of beta-lactamases. No beta-lactamase activity was found in bacteria lacking murein such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pirellula marina and Planctomyces maris. In the murein-containing cyanelles of Cyanophora paradoxa no beta-lactamase activity could be detected.
The Non-Amyloidogenic Pathway: Structure and Function of α-Secretases
2006
The amyloid cascade hypothesis is the most accepted explanation for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). APP is the precursor of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ), the principal proteinaceous component of amyloid plaques in brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients. Proteolytic cleavage of APP by the α-secretase within the Aβ sequence precludes formation of amyloidogenic peptides and leads to a release of soluble APPsα which has neuroprotective properties. In several studies, a decreased amount of APPsα in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients has been observed. Three members of the ADAM family (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) ADAM-10, ADAM-17 (TACE) and ADAM-9 have been proposed as α-…
Kinetics of citrate uptake in growing cells ofLeuconostocspp.
1996
Citrate uptake was studied in growing cells of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides. A Michaelis-Menten pattern with the dianionic form of citrate as the limiting substrate has been proposed. It was validated for different fermentations varying the initial citrate concentrations and the pH medium. This latter did not modify the rate of the process which was clearly confirmed using experiments with resting cells. The model was used to compare the kinetics of citrate consumption between several strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris and Leuconostoc lactis.
Isolation and characterization of yeast monomorphic mutants of Candida albicans.
1994
A method was devised for the isolation of yeast monomorphic (LEV) mutants of Candida albicans. By this procedure, about 20 stable yeast-like mutants were isolated after mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate. The growth rate of the mutants in different carbon sources, both fermentable and not, was indistinguishable from that of the parental strain, but they were unable to grow as mycelial forms after application of any of the common effective inducers, i.e., heat shock, pH alterations, proline addition, or use of GlcNAc as the carbon source. Studies performed with one selected strain demonstrated that it had severe alterations in the chemical composition of the cell wall, mainly in the le…