Search results for "REDOX"
showing 10 items of 619 documents
Cytochrome F as Indicator for the Interaction of the Two Photosystems in the State 1 and State 2
1990
The transition of plants into a State 1 or a State 2 by an excess of PS I or PS II excitation was described by BONAVENTURA and MYERS [1]. Since the time of their investigations fluorometric methods gained increasing importance in analyzing the distribution of energy between the two photosystems [21. It was possible to correlate the altered energy balance to the phosphorylation of LHCII and it’s migration into non-appressed thylakoid membranes [31. However fluorescence measurements can give only indirect evidences that also changes in the activity of the two photosystems are produced by the changed energy distribution. A direct assessment of the photochemical variations during state transiti…
Measurements of cytochrome f and P-700 in intact leaves of Sinapis alba grown under high-light and low-light conditions
1978
The oxidation and reduction of cytochrome f and P-700 is measured spectrophotometrically in leaves of low-light and high-light plants. After illumination with red light, an induction phenomenon for cytochrome f oxidation is observed which indicates a regulation of photosystem I activity through energy distribution between the pigment systems by the energy state of the membrane. After far-red excitation the reduction of cytochrome f in the dark is much slower in low-light leaves. This shows that cyclic electron transport is not improved in low-light plants under these conditions. P-700 is oxidized on excitation with far-red light. However, with high intensities of far-red light, P-700 is par…
Studies on the Content of P 700 and Cytochromes in Sinapis alba During Growth Under Two Different Light Intensities
1975
Sinapis alba was grown under two extremely different light intensities. We obtained two different modifications which hold several physiological and biochemical characteristics comparable to the relations in light- and shade plants. In the strong light the maximum rate of CO2-uptake increases within five days to a three-fold rate. At the same time the content of several redox systems of photosynthetic electron transport increases while the content of P 700 remains equivalent in both types of plants. In the high-light plants we find a ratio P 700: Cytochrome f of 1 but a ratio of 3 in the low-light plants. These ratios could be probably essential features of various sun- and rainforest speci…
Changes in the Content of Chlorophyll and Redox Components of the Thylakoid Membrane during Development and Senescence of Beech (Fagus sylvatica) Lea…
1995
Abstract Leaves from 145-year-old and 44-year-old beech trees were harvested during 1991-1993. Chlorophyll (Chl) and redox components of the thylakoid membrane, including P-700, cytochrome f (Cyt f) and D1 protein, were determined with the following results. Chl a + b, P-700 and Cyt f per unit of fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW) and leaf area (LA) increase significantly during leaf development. This can be attributed to a massive membrane synthesis and new thylakoid formation in the cells. The Chl a/Chl b ratio decreases with the synthesis of Chl during the development of beech leaves and is reduced further with Chl breakdown in the stage of senescence. When expressed on the basis of Chl…
Measurements of manganese in thylakoids of Sinapis alba grown under high-light and low-light conditions.
1981
The manganese content of thylakoids and tissues was measured in leaves grown under high- and low-light conditions. Especially when grown in a nutrient medium enriched in manganese (20 μM), the thylakoids contained large amounts of manganese, which could be removed by EDTA washing without impairment of the Hill reaction. The unremovable content of manganese was almost the same in thylakoids from plants grown in nutrient media of normal (2 μM) and reduced (0.2 μM) manganese content. Up to this limit of manganese content, Hill activity did not seem to be impaired. 1.2 atoms Mn per 100 molecules chlorophyll were found in low-light thylakoids and 1.6 atoms Mn in high-light thylakoids. This is si…
Identificación de nuevas rutas de patogénesis y dianas terapéuticas en la enfermedad de Parkinson mediante el uso de modelos biomédicos
2022
La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es la segunda enfermedad neurodegenerativa más común, caracterizada por la pérdida progresiva de neuronas dopaminérgicas en la substantia nigra pars compacta. Esto conduce a una disminución de los niveles de dopamina en el núcleo estriado, causando los síntomas motores típicos de la enfermedad. Entre las principales causas de la neurodegeneración se encuentran el estrés oxidativo (EO) y la disfunción mitocondrial. Aunque la mayoría de los casos de EP son idiopáticos, se ha demostrado que entre el 5 y el 10% de ellos son formas familiares de la enfermedad causadas por mutaciones en determinados genes. Uno de ellos es el gen DJ-1, cuyas mutaciones están asociad…
The Chaperone Activity of Clusterin is Dependent on Glycosylation and Redox Environment
2014
Background/Aims: Clusterin (CLU), also known as Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) is a highly glycosylated extracellular chaperone. In humans it is expressed from a broad spectrum of tissues and related to a plethora of physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis and cancer. In its dominant form it is expressed as a secretory protein (secreted CLU, sCLU). During its maturation, the sCLU-precursor is N-glycosylated and cleaved into an α- and a β-chain, which are connected by five symmetrical disulfide bonds. Recently, it has been demonstrated that besides the predominant sCLU, rare intracellular CLU forms are expressed in stressed cells. Since these for…
Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding human glutaredoxin.
1994
Glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) is a small, heat-stable protein, which is involved in thiol/disulfide exchange reactions. We have isolated a cDNA that encodes glutaredoxin from a human brain cDNA library. The encoded protein contains 106 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 11.76 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.09. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA is more than 80% identical to those of other mammalian glutaredoxins.
Vanadium complexes with multidentate amine bisphenols
2014
The reaction of VO(acac)2 (acac(-) = acetyl acetonate) with tripodal glycine bisphenol H3L(1) under an ambient atmosphere yields a hexacoordinated vanadium(iv) complex [V(acac)(L(1))] (1). The corresponding reactions with tripodal 2-propanolamine bisphenol H3L(2) and potentially pentadentate ethoxyethanolamine bisphenol H3L(3) lead to the oxidation of the metal centre and formation of mononuclear oxovanadium(v) complexes [VO(L(2))] (2) and [VO(L(3))] (3), respectively. Alternatively, these latter two complexes can be prepared using VOSO4·5H2O or VO(OPr)3 as a precursor. The CV of 1 in an ACN solution shows a reversible one-electron process at E1/2 = +1.18 V, whereas 2 and 3 have an irrevers…
Fast redox-triggered shuttling motions in a copper rotaxane based on a phenanthroline–terpyridine conjugate
2014
Fast shuttling motions in solution have been observed by cyclic voltammetry in a Cu(I/II)-based [2] rotaxane. In the reported system, the different coordination preferences of both copper oxidation states are exploited to promote the electrochemically-triggered gliding of the ring from a tetra to a pentacoordinated site and vice versa. The thread of this rotaxane consists of a tridentate 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine chelating unit directly bonded through its 5-position to the 3-position of the bidentate 1,10-phenanthroline unit. This distribution reduces to a minimum the distance between the two coordination sites and lessens the congestion around the tetrahedral environment. These two factors h…