Search results for "REGENERATION"
showing 10 items of 889 documents
Engineered axon tracts within tubular biohybrid scaffolds
2021
[EN] Injuries to the nervous system that involve the disruption of axonal pathways are devastating to the individual and require specific tissue engineering strategies. Here we analyse a cells-biomaterials strategy to overcome the obstacles limiting axon regeneration in vivo, based on the combination of a hyaluronic acid (HA) single-channel tubular conduit filled with poly-L-lactide acid (PLA) fibres in its lumen, with pre-cultured Schwann cells (SCs) as cells supportive of axon extension. The HA conduit and PLA fibres sustain the proliferation of SC, which enhance axon growth acting as a feeder layer and growth factor pumps. The parallel unidirectional ensemble formed by PLA fibres and SC …
Reawakening the sleeping beauty in the adult brain: neurogenesis from parenchymal glia
2015
Life-long neurogenesis is highly restricted to specialized niches in the adult mammalian brain and therefore the brain's capacity for spontaneous regeneration is extremely limited. However, recent work has demonstrated that under certain circumstances parenchymal astrocytes and NG2 glia can generate neuronal progeny. In the striatum, stroke or excitotoxic lesions can reawaken in astrocytes a latent neurogenic program resulting in the genesis of new neurons. By contrast, in brain areas that fail to mount a neurogenic response following injury, such as the cerebral cortex, forced expression of neurogenic reprogramming factors can lineage convert local glia into induced neurons. Yet, injury-in…
Neurogenesis in adult subventricular zone
2002
Much excitement has been generated by the identification of adult brain regions harboring neural stem cells and their continual generation of new neurons throughout life. This is an important departure from traditional views of the germinal potential of the postnatal brain. However, a more profound
Mildronate and its neuroregulatory mechanisms: targeting the mitochondria, neuroinflammation, and protein expression.
2013
This review for the first time summarizes the data obtained in the neuropharmacological studies of mildronate, a drug previously known as a cardioprotective agent. In different animal models of neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases, we demonstrated its neuroprotecting activity. By the use of immunohistochemical methods and Western blot analysis, as well as some selected behavioral tests, the new mechanisms of mildronate have been demonstrated: a regulatory effect on mitochondrial processes and on the expression of nerve cell proteins, which are involved in cell survival, functioning, and inflammation processes. Particular attention is paid to the capability of mildronate to stimulate…
Scaling guidelines of a soliton-based power limiter for 2R-optical regeneration applications
2010
International audience; In this work, we report scaling rules for the design of an all-fibered soliton-based power limiter for reamplification and reshaping (2R) regeneration process. In particular, we propose general guidelines to fix the optimum fiber length and initial power of the regenerator. We quantitatively point out the optical power limiting effect of the device enabling a significant reduction of the amplitude jitter of a degraded signal. Influence of the initial level of amplitude jitter is discussed and the results are compared with a self-phase modulation-based configuration working in the normal dispersion regime. Realistic numerical simulations in the context of 160 Gbit/s s…
Regeneration of total RNA purification silica-based columns
2010
Silica-based columns are largely used in RNA purification, allowing fast extractions and good yields of high quality nucleic acid, but their major limitation is the high cost. The reuse of such columns, although desirable, is not recommended because of residual amounts of material from the previous sample trapped in the column matrix, which might be released during further purification. Thus, recycling does need previous complete removal of any detectable RNA trace, but to date no protocol which allows decontamination and reuse is available.We report a very rapid decontamination procedure, based on treatment with warm alkaline solution containing Triton X-100, which ensures no RNA carry-ove…
Numerical study of an optical regenerator exploiting self-phase modulation and spectral offset filtering at 40 Gbit/s
2008
Topic: Nonlinear optics; International audience; In this work, we numerically investigate the performances of optical regenerators based on self-phase modulation and spectral offset filtering at 40 Gbit/s. We outline the different effects affecting the device performances and explain the choice of the optimal working power. The impact of the regenerator on the output signal is also analysed through a statistical approach. Both single- and double-stage configurations are investigated.
Clinical application of adult olfactory bulb ensheathing glia for nervous system repair
2011
Abstract The ability of adult olfactory bulb ensheathing glia (OB-OEG) to promote histological and functional neural repair has been broadly documented. Pre-clinical studies show that beneficial effects of adult OB-OEG are repeatable in the same type of spinal cord injury initially tested, in other spinal cord and CNS injury models, in different species and after the administration of these cells in different forms (either alone or in combination with other cells, drugs, products or devices). These studies demonstrate the reproducibility, robustness, fundamental nature and relevance of the findings. Therefore, the use of adult OB-OEG for spinal cord injury repair meets the scientific criter…
Cultural institutions as agents of urban and community regeneration in the (post-)pandemic city. The case of the «Laboratorio Zen Insieme» in Palermo
2022
Although all cities in the world have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, its impacts on the territories, yet to be understood, are unevenly distributed, revealing extremely varied imbalances depending on the places. However, it is clear that the virus and its variants have aggravated pre-existing socio-spatial inequalities, creating new ones and bringing attention back to those implications between space, planning, public health and citizenship that are at the origins of contemporary urbanism. In a reference framework in which the crisis is globalized but unequal and in the absence of a welfare system capable of responding to the urgencies of the most marginalized social contexts and g…
Cascadability and reshaping properties of a saturable absorber inserted inside a RZ transmission line for future 160-Gbit/s all-optical 2R-regenerato…
2007
International audience; In this prospective work, we analyze the behavior of a quantum-well microcavity saturable absorber component cascaded into a 100-km SMF RZ transmission line in order to annihilate the ghost-pulse phenomenon in the following simplified “...010101...” 160-Gbit/s 2-bit pattern at 1555 nm. Recirculating-loop experiments show a maximal ghost-pulse extinction up to 11.6 dB as well as an intensity extinction ratio enhancement higher than 6 dB over at least 800 km of propagation.