Search results for "REPRESENTATION"

Structural difficulty in grammatical evolution versus genetic programming

2013

Genetic programming (GP) has problems with structural difficulty as it is unable to search effectively for solutions requiring very full or very narrow trees. As a result of structural difficulty, GP has a bias towards narrow trees which means it searches effectively for solutions requiring narrow trees. This paper focuses on the structural difficulty of grammatical evolution (GE). In contrast to GP, GE works on variable-length binary strings and uses a grammar in Backus-Naur Form (BNF) to map linear genotypes to phenotype trees. The paper studies whether and how GE is affected by structural difficulty. For the analysis, we perform random walks through the search space and compare the struc…

Collective agency and the concept of ‘public’ in public involvement: A practice-oriented analysis

2016

Background Public involvement activities are promoted as measures for ensuring good governance in challenging fields, such as biomedical research and innovation. Proponents of public involvement activities include individual researchers as well as non-governmental and governmental organizations. However, the concept of ‘public’ in public involvement deserves more attention by researchers because it is not purely theoretical: it has important practical functions in the guidance, evaluation and translation of public involvement activities. Discussion This article focuses on collective agency as one property a public as a small group of participants in a public involvement activity could exhib…

Verkkokeskustelujen kansa

2018

People 'kansa' in digital discourses. 
 Corpus-assisted discourse analysis on Suomi24 discussion forum. 
  In this paper, our objective is to analyze how participants use the word kansa 'people' on the largest discussion forum in Finland, called Suomi24 (Finland 24). Our main research questions are the following: 1) What kinds of discourses the forum participants relate to kansa 'people' and 2) what kinds of representations the writers attach to kansa and what kinds of meanings they construct for the term on the discussion forum.  
  Our theoretical and methodological approach is based on corpus-assisted discourse analysis and on digital discourse analysis.  Studying the data…

A Biologically Inspired Representation of the Intelligence of a University Campus

2016

Abstract Intelligence or smartness in an urban environment implies several factors directed to improve quality of life and efficiency. It is important to note that in this context the inclusion of citizens and their devices is a key factor for reaching smartness. Data from mobile devices are increasingly used in everyday activities and have to be considered a useful means for handling and analyzing knowledge and communications. This paper shows how to represent important data when dealing with smartness by creating an analogy between the representation of human brain areas, activated when specific tasks are performed, and groups of students when behaviors or needs arise. The brain traffic c…

Clarifying Communication Professionals’ Tasks In Contributing To Organizational Decision Making

2017

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the tasks through which communication professionals and public relations contribute to organizational decision making. In-depth interviews were conducted with Finnish public relations professionals about how they contribute to organizational decision making. The findings provide a rich picture of the tasks in relation to this. The results show that public relations professionals contribute to organizational decision-making processes by nine different tasks. Furthermore, the results indicate that during an organizational decision-making process, professionals switch from one task to another over time, and work simultaneously on several tasks. This pape…

Hybrid Methods for Robust Irradiance Analysis and 3-D Shape Reconstruction from Images

1994

The analysis of the differential structure of images is an interesting task in machine vision, among other reasons because it can provide relevant featural representation of images, suited for higher level information processing task like geometry reconstruction and object recognition. The importance of invariants of the field of isophotae on lambertian surfaces in shape perception by means of chiaroscuro is discussed in (Koenderink and Van Doom, 1980). In their approach to shape from shading, (Breton et al, 1992) represent the shading of the image by means of its shading flow field, i.e. by the first order differential structure of the image expressed as the isoluminance direction and grad…

L’épée, arme et symbole. Le point de vue technique sur les fonctions des épées à poignée métallique de l’âge du Bronze

2018

The sword, which was invented during Bronze Age, is certainly the ultimate weapon, associated to war and warriors, designed to fight during combats. However, because of its technical complexity, its ostentatious aspect, especially when it is equipped with a bronze hilt, or its strong individualization for example through ornaments, swords can also be considered as symbols. This symbol can be connected to an individual, a social position, a community or to another concept we cannot precisely understand. Of course, material and immaterial aspects do not always exclude each other, and a single object can be used for both. However, a first inspection of these weapons shows that some of them cou…

Buffalaxed Super-diversity: Representations of the Other on YouTube

2013

Parliamentary Democracy Versus Direct Democracy? : Challenging Liberal, Representative Democracy in the German Bundestag During the Anti-nuclear Demo…

2019

In German politics, concepts of parliamentarism and the relationship between parliamentarism and democracy have evolved since the nineteenth century. Politicians, citizens and scholars have regularly redefined and challenged conceptions of parliament’s task of representation, public debate and legitimate decision-making in different historical circumstances. One such crucial phase in re-evaluating and redefining conceptions of democracy in Germany was the second half of the 1990s, when a vigorous anti-nuclear movement arose. In the German federal parliament, members had to explain their understandings of German democracy. The tradition of liberal, representative democracy was in a conflict …

A measure of concurrent neural firing activity based on mutual information

2020

AbstractMultiple methods have been developed in an attempt to quantify stimulus-induced neural coordination and to understand internal coordination of neuronal responses by examining the synchronization phenomena in neural discharge patterns. In this work we propose a novel approach to estimate the degree of concomitant firing between two neural units, based on a modified form of mutual information (MI) applied to a two-state representation of the firing activity. The binary profile of each single unit unfolds its discharge activity in time by decomposition into the state of neural quiescence/low activity and state of moderate firing/bursting. Then, the MI computed between the two binary st…