Search results for "RESISTANCE"

Bacteriophage Resistance Affects Flavobacterium columnare Virulence Partly via Mutations in Genes Related to Gliding Motility and Type IX Secretion S…

2020

AbstractIncreasing problems with antibiotic resistance has directed interest towards phages as tools to treat bacterial infections in the aquaculture industry. However, phage resistance evolves rapidly in bacteria posing a challenge for successful phage therapy. To investigate phage resistance in the fish pathogenic bacterium Flavobacterium columnare, two phage-sensitive, virulent wild-type isolates, FCO-F2 and FCO-F9, were exposed to phages and subsequently analyzed for bacterial viability and colony morphology. Twenty-four phage-exposed isolates were further characterized for phage resistance, antibiotic susceptibility, motility, adhesion and biofilm formation on polystyrene surface, prot…

Towards a new treatment against polymicrobial infections: high antibacterial activity of lemon IntegroPectin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Esche…

2020

AbstractLemon IntegroPectin obtained via hydrodynamic cavitation of waste lemon peel in water only shows high antibacterial activity against two Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial effect against the ubiquitous pathogen P. aeruginosa was evaluated in terms of the minimal bactericidal (MBC) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Preliminary insight on the antibacterial mechanism of IntegroPectin originates from investigating its inhibitory activity against E. coli. Given the non-cytotoxic nature of citrus IntegroPectin and the ease of its reproducible production in large amounts, the route is open to the industrial development of a new …

Role of P-Glycoprotein for Resistance of Tumors to Anticancer Drugs: From Bench to Bedside

2014

Success of cancer chemotherapy is limited by simultaneous resistance towards many anticancer drugs making clinical combination therapy protocols less efficient. P-glycoprotein represents an efflux pump of the ABC transporter family, which recognizes and extrudes anticancer drugs of diverse chemical classes and biochemical functions. The P-glycoprotein-mediated profile of cross-resistance has been termed multidrug resistance (MDR). In our investigations, we focused on MDR of in vivo tumor lines maintained in mice. The development of in vivo resistance towards anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin) in L1210 and S180 ascites tumor lines was accompanied with decreased uptake and increased e…

Viral diseases causing the greatest economic losses to the tomato crop. I. The Tomato spotted wilt virus — a review

1996

Abstract Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most important diseases affecting tomatoes, occasionally leading to losses of up to 100%. Because of the importance of this virus disease, considerable research has been carried out in recent years on the viral particle, disease vectors, transmission and control methods. This review presents an account of the current state of research on TSWV with special reference to tomato. Genetic resistance appears as the best solution to control this disease. It may be complemented with other strategies of control aimed to reduce inoculum amount or to avoid transmission, since these strategies have been shown to be ineffective to stop the disease …

Viral diseases causing the greatest economic losses to the tomato crop. II. The Tomato yellow leaf curl virus — a review

1996

Abstract Tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV), transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is one of the most devastating diseases of cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). TYLCV causes economic losses up to 100% in tomato crop in many tropical and subtropical regions, and is spreading towards new areas. The increasing economic importance of TYLCV has resulted in the need for accurate detection and identification procedures, stimulating intensive research efforts focused on virus biology, diversity, and epidemiology to develop successful control strategies. Breeding for resistance appears to be the best approach to control this disease, but to date only partial…

Comparison of the Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> Content in Conventional, Organic and Fresh-Cut Vegetables Sold in Valenc…

2020

Bacterial content of fresh vegetables that are often eaten raw represents a risk factor for consumers, and the presence in these produce of antibiotic-resistant bacteria constitutes an additional food safety concern. We have compared the Enterobacteriaceae content, as well as the antibiotic resistances of bacterial isolates, in samples of different types of fresh vegetables (conventional an organic produce, fresh-cut vegetables and prepared salads) marketed in Valencia (Spain) in order to find possible differences among these vegetable types. Bacterial isolation, identification and resistance assays to eleven relevant chemotherapeutics agents were performed according to standard microbiolog…

A screening of five Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3A proteins for their activity against lepidopteran pests

2014

Five Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3A proteins (Vip3Aa, Vip3Ab, Vip3Ad, Vip3Ae and Vip3Af) and their corresponding trypsin-activated toxins were tested for their toxicity against eight lepidopteran pests: Agrotis ipsilon, Helicoverpa armigera, Mamestra brassicae, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Ostrinia nubilalis and Lobesia botrana. Toxicity was first tested at a high dose at 7 and 10. days. No major differences were found when comparing protoxins vs. trypsin-activated toxins. The proteins that were active against most of the insect species were Vip3Aa, Vip3Ae and Vip3Af, followed by Vip3Ab. Vip3Ad was non-toxic to any of the species tested. Considering the res…

High resistance against clindamycin, metronidazole and amoxicillin in Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolates of …

2010

Objectives: To test the antimicrobial sensitivity of two periodontal pathogens to a panel of five orally administrable antibiotics in periodontal disease. Study design: A total of 69 isolates of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were processed using culture and biochemical tests. Selected colonies of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of clindamycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, moxifloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Results: Susceptibility testing revealed a sensitivity of 100% of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis to moxifloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid but moderate susceptibili…

P783 Ciprofloxacin resistance in ESBL producing enterobacteriaceae colonizing the gut in IBD patients

2017

Tellurite-dependent blackening of bacteria emerges from the dark ages

2019

Environmental contextAlthough tellurium is a relatively rare element in the earth’s crust, its concentration in some niches can be naturally high owing to unique geology. Tellurium, as the oxyanion, is toxic to prokaryotes, and although prokaryotes have evolved resistance to tellurium, no universal mechanism exists. We review the interaction of tellurite with prokaryotes with a focus on those unique strains that thrive in environments naturally rich in tellurium. AbstractThe timeline of tellurite prokaryotic biology and biochemistry is now over 50 years long. Its start was in the clinical microbiology arena up to the 1970s. The 1980s saw the cloning of tellurite resistance determinants whil…