Search results for "RESPIRATORY SYSTEM"

Cigarette smoke exposure inhibits extracellular MMP-2 (gelatinase A) activity in human lung fibroblasts

2007

Abstract Background Exposure to cigarette smoke is considered a major risk factor for the development of lung diseases, since its causative role has been assessed in the induction and maintenance of an inflamed state in the airways. Lung fibroblasts can contribute to these processes, due to their ability to produce proinflammatory chemotactic molecules and extracellular matrix remodelling proteinases. Among proteolytic enzymes, gelatinases A and B have been studied for their role in tissue breakdown and mobilisation of matrix-derived signalling molecules. Multiple reports linked gelatinase deregulation and overexpression to the development of inflammatory chronic lung diseases such as COPD.…

Allergy immunotherapy across the life cycle to promote active and healthy ageing: from research to policies: An AIRWAYS Integrated Care Pathways (ICP…

2016

Allergic diseases often occur early in life and persist throughout life. This life-course perspective should be considered in allergen immunotherapy. In particular it is essential to understand whether this al treatment may be used in old age adults. The current paper was developed by a working group of AIRWAYS integrated care pathways for airways diseases, the model of chronic respiratory diseases of the European Innovation Partnership on active and healthy ageing (DG CONNECT and DG Santé). It considered (1) the political background, (2) the rationale for allergen immunotherapy across the life cycle, (3) the unmet needs for the treatment, in particular in preschool children and old age adu…

Mucus and MUC in asthma.

2005

Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and a mucus hypersecretory phenotype comprising excess mucus secretion, goblet cell hyperplasia and submucosal gland hypertrophy. This augmented mucus secretion has been relatively undervalued in asthma compared with airway inflammation. However, mucus plugging contributes to airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness, and to morbidity and mortality in asthma. We review recent contributions to this field and therapeutic avenues to control mucus hypersecretion.A distinct mucus hypersecretory phenotype may present in asthma. Overexpression of MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC2 have been described in asthma secretions, but identification of def…

Eventos cardiovasculares tempranos y tardíos en pacientes ingresados por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad

2020

Resumen Introduccion La neumonia adquirida en la comunidad se asocia al desarrollo de eventos cardiovasculares (ECV). El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los factores relativos al huesped, la gravedad y la etiologia que se asocian con la aparicion de estos eventos, tempranos y tardios, y su impacto en la mortalidad. Metodo Estudio prospectivo de cohortes multicentrico en pacientes ingresados por neumonia. Se recogieron ECV durante el ingreso, a los 30 dias (tempranos) y al ano (tardios) y la mortalidad. Resultados Doscientos dos de 1.967 (10,42%) pacientes presentaron ECV tempranos y 122 (6,64%) tardios. El 16% de la mortalidad al ano se atribuyo a complicaciones cardiovasculares. Los fact…

Tabaquismo en pacientes con EPOC, ¿un nuevo fenotipo clínico?

2018

Aerosolcharakteristika ausgewählter Druckluftvernebler für Erwachsene in Simulationsmodellen und Verneblung von Salbutamol

2018

Zusammenfassung Ziel Der Erfolg einer Inhalationstherapie wird durch Menge und Qualität des inhalierten Aerosols bestimmt. Die Auswahl eines Verneblers bedarf der Kenntnis der entsprechenden Aerosolcharakteristika. Methoden Die Aerosolperformance von 9 marktüblichen Druckluftverneblern wurde in vitro in 2 Simulationsmodellen geprüft. Salbutamol (Sultanol forte® Fertiginhalat 2,5 mg/2,5 ml; GSK) wurde über 4 Minuten vernebelt. Die Outputparameter wurden mit dem Atemzugsimulator PARI Compas II (Erwachsenenmanöver nach Ph.Eur.9.0; n = 5/6 Verneblungen) und die aerodynamische Partikelgrößenverteilung mit dem Next Generation Impaktor (Ph.Eur.9.0, Copley Scientific; n = 3 Verneblungen) per HPLC b…

Development and electronic validation of the revised Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire (CFQ-R Teen/Adult)

2018

Abstract Background The Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R+14) is a disease-specific, health-related quality of life instrument for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients ≥14years. We have developed a Spanish electronic version of the CFQ-R (e-CFQ-R+14 Spain). Our aim was to compare the paper and electronic versions and to validate the electronic version. Methods Fifty CF patients completed the study. All answered the paper and electronic versions on day 1 and repeated the e-CFQR version 15days later. Results Concordance between the electronic and paper copy versions was high, with correlations above 0.9 in all domains. Test-retest reliability of the e-CFQ-R results was strong, with coeffi…

Effect of High-Frequency Oscillations on Cough Peak Flows Generated by Mechanical In-Exsufflation in Medically Stable Subjects With Amyotrophic Later…

2016

BACKGROUND: Mechanically assisted coughing with mechanical in-exsufflation (MI-E) is recommended for noninvasive management of respiratory secretions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To improve the effectiveness of the technique, a new device combining MI-E with high-frequency oscillations (HFO) has been developed. This work aimed to assess the effect of HFO on the cough peak flow generated by MI-E in medically stable subjects with ALS. METHODS: This was a prospective study that included subjects with ALS in a medically stable condition. Cough peak flow generated by MI-E was measured in 4 situations: without HFO, with HFO during insufflation, with HFO during exsufflation, and with HF…

Efficacy of Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation in Medically Stable Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2004

Objective: To determine under what circumstances the use of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) can generate clinically effective expiratory flows for airway clearance (> 2.7 L/s) for clinically stable patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Materials and method: Twenty-six consecutive patients with ALS were studied, 15 with severe bulbar dysfunction. Using a pneumotachograph and with the aid of an oronasal mask, we measured FVC, FEV1, peak cough flow (PCF), maximum insufflation capacity (MIC), PCF generated from a maximum insufflation MIC (PCFMIC), and PCF generated by MI-E (PCFMI-E). MI-E was delivered at 40 cm H2O. Maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) and maximum expir…

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE)

2023

Background: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventila…