Search results for "RESPIRATORY SYSTEM"
showing 10 items of 1829 documents
Management of the paediatric airway: new developments
2006
During the last 2 years, some interesting new devices have been made available to improve airway management in children and infants, and several studies have advanced our understanding concerning risks and benefits of the current practice in the field. Certain risk factors for airway related problems during anaesthesia in children having a cold have been identified, and new aspects of the controversy concerning the use of cuffed endotracheal tubes in children presented. Novel video-assisted systems have been introduced for the management of the difficult airway in paediatric patients, and new applications for well known devices have been suggested, such as the laryngeal mask airway serving …
Current Concepts in Therapy of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyposis
2004
The exact pathophysiological mechanisms leading to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) still to a large extent remain obscure. However, recently there has been some progress in elucidating the etiology of nasal polyposis, especially regarding tissue eosinophilia as well as the role of aspirin intolerance and eicosanoid mediators. Endonasal sinus surgery has evolved to be the treatment of choice in CRS and nasal polyposis in all cases where conservative treatment has failed or resulted in only a partial or temporary relief. Today, state of the art in surgical technique includes the ability to combine microscopic and endoscopic procedures. Regardless of technical advances like powered instrumentatio…
Patógenos atípicos en pacientes hospitalizados con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad: una perspectiva mundial
2018
Abstract Background Empirical antibiotic coverage for atypical pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has long been debated, mainly because of a lack of epidemiological data. We aimed to assess both testing for atypical pathogens and their prevalence in hospitalized patients with CAP worldwide, especially in relation with disease severity. Methods A secondary analysis of the GLIMP database, an international, multicentre, point-prevalence study of adult patients admitted for CAP in 222 hospitals across 6 continents in 2015, was performed. The study evaluated frequency of testing for atypical pathogens, including L. pneumophila, M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, and their prevalence. Ris…
Aerobic capacity and respiratory patterns are better in recreational basketball-engaged university students than age-matched untrained males
2021
Abstract Study aim: To asses and compare the aerobic capacity and respiratory parameters in recreational basketball-engaged university students with age-matched untrained young adults. Material and methods: A total of 30 subjects were selected to took part in the study based on recreational-basketball activity level and were assigned to a basketball (BG: n = 15, age 22.86 ± 1.35 yrs., body height 185.07 ± 5.95 cm, body weight 81.21 ± 6.15 kg) and untrained group (UG: n = 15, age 22.60 ± 1.50 yrs., body height 181.53 ± 6.11 cm, body weight 76.89 ± 7.30 kg). Inspiratory vital capacity (IVC), forced expiration volume (FEV1), FEV1/IVC ratio, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), ventilatory thre…
Epidemiología de la transfusión sanguínea en los Servicios de Medicina Intensiva en España: «Transfusion Day»
2022
Objective To describe the transfusion practice in the ICUs in Spain, according to national and international recommendations (guidelines).DesignProspective, cross-sectional, multi-centre study.ScopeData collection was carried out by means of a questionnaire sent electronically to the Heads of Service of 111 ICUs in Spain.Participants1,448 patients were included, aged 61.8 (SD 15.7) years, 66.2% male, with an SOFA of 4.7 ± 3.8 and average stay of 10.62 ± 17.49 days.VariablesDemographic and clinical variables of the patients were collected, as well as variables related to the transfusion act.ResultsOf the 1,448 patients, 9.9% received al least one transfusion of any blood product, 3.7% fresh …
Hereditary angioedema: an update on causes, manifestations and treatment.
2019
Hereditary angioedema is a rare genetic disorder caused by deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) and characterized by recurrent episodes of severe swelling that affect the limbs, face, intestinal tract and airway. Since laryngeal oedema can be life-threatening as a result of asphyxiation, correct diagnosis and management of hereditary angioedema is vital. Hereditary angioedema attacks are mediated by bradykinin, the production of which is regulated by C1-INH. Hereditary angioedema therapy relies on treatment of acute attacks, and short- and long-term prophylaxis. Acute treatment options include C1-INH concentrate, icatibant and ecallantide. Self-administration of treatment is recomm…
Primary ciliary dyskinesia in adults with bronchiectasis: Data from the Embarc registry
2018
Introduction: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an inherited cause of bronchiectasis where defects in motile cilia result in failure to clear mucus. Individuals have life-long productive cough and recurrent infections Methods: The embarc registry is a prospective pan-European observational study of adults with bronchiectasis. Data entered into the registry between March 2015 and Jan 2018 was assessed. Disease severity in PCD was compared to two age and gender matched cohorts, the first consisting of individuals with immune deficiency and a second with idiopathic disease. Results: 287/11204 individuals (2.6%) were reported to have PCD. 65% were female, reflecting the female predominance in…
Noninvasive Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Response in Bronchiectasis Exacerbations: Key Practical Aspects and Topics
2016
Bronchiectasis is a progressive lung disease characterized by gradual airflow obstruction secondary to mucus plugging, excessive airway inflammation, and parenchymal destruction. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been shown to promote recruitment of the flooded alveoli, decrease the ventilation-perfusion mismatch, and relieve dyspnea in patients with bronchiectasis exacerbations. It has also been proven to improve respiratory mechanics and reduce the work of breathing. It can be also successfully adopted in promoting mucus clearance and preventing desaturation during chest physiotherapy and exercise. However, validated criteria for starting CPAP treatment in bronchiectasis are …
<p>Day and Night Control of COPD and Role of Pharmacotherapy: A Review</p>
2020
The topic of 24-hour management of COPD is related to day-to-night symptoms management, specific follow-up and patients' adherence to therapy. COPD symptoms strongly vary during day and night, being worse in the night and early morning. This variability is not always adequately considered in the trials. Night-time symptoms are predictive of higher mortality and more frequent exacerbations; therefore, they should be a target of therapy. During night-time, in COPD patients the supine position is responsible for a different thoracic physiology; moreover, during some sleep phases the vagal stimulation determines increased bronchial secretions, increased blood flow in the bronchial circulation (…
The effect of tiotropium/olodaterol versus tiotropium on COPD exacerbation rates in patients with/without frequent exacerbation history
2019
Background: Patients with COPD with a history of frequent exacerbations are at increased risk of future exacerbations. There are limited data as to whether combining LAMA/LABA reduces exacerbation risk in all patients. We investigated whether tiotropium/olodaterol (T/O) reduced exacerbation rate versus tiotropium (tio) in patients with a range of exacerbation histories. Methods: TONADO 1+2 (NCT01431274/NCT01431287) and DYNAGITO (NCT02296138) were 52-week, parallel-group, randomised, double-blind, Phase III trials in COPD patients with FEV1 Results: There was a lower rate of moderate/severe exacerbations with T/O (0.68 per patient-year) than tio (0.77 per patient-year) (rate ratio [RR] vs ti…