Search results for "RESPIRATORY SYSTEM"
showing 10 items of 1829 documents
Pre-treatment with mesenchymal stem cells reduces ventilator-induced lung injury
2012
ckground information: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduce acute lung injury in animals challenged by bleomycin or bacterial lipopolysaccaride. It is not known, however, whether MSCs protect from ventilator- induced lung injury (VILI). Question of the study: Whether MSCs have a potential role in preventing or modulating VILI in healthy rats subjected to high-volume ventilation. Materials and methods: 24 Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were subjected to high- volume mechanical ventilation (25 ml/kg). MSCs (5x106) were intravenously or intratracheally administered (N=8 each) 30 min before starting over-ventilation and 8 rats were MSC-untreated. Spontaneously breathing anes…
Upregulation of basic fibroblast growth factor in smokers with chronic bronchitis
2006
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-1, in the central airways of smokers with chronic bronchitis. The lobar bronchi from 17 subjects undergoing thoracotomy for solitary nodules were examined. All had a history of cigarette smoking, nine had symptoms of chronic bronchitis and airflow limitation, and eight were asymptomatic with normal lung function. Using immunohistochemical methods, bFGF and FGFR-1 expression in the total airway wall and the different airway compartments, i.e. bronchial glands, submucosal vessels and smooth muscle, was quantified. Moreover, to investigate t…
Remodeling of alveolar septa after murine pneumonectomy
2015
In most mammals, removing one lung (pneumonectomy) results in the compensatory growth of the remaining lung. In mice, stereological observations have demonstrated an increase in the number of mature alveoli; however, anatomic evidence of the early phases of alveolar growth has remained elusive. To identify changes in the lung microstructure associated with neoalveolarization, we used tissue histology, electron microscopy, and synchrotron imaging to examine the configuration of the alveolar duct after murine pneumonectomy. Systematic histological examination of the cardiac lobe demonstrated no change in the relative frequency of dihedral angle components (Ends, Bends, and Junctions) ( P >…
Oral N-acetylcysteine reduces bleomycin-induced lung damage and mucin Muc5ac expression in rats
2003
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, therefore antioxidants may be of therapeutic value. Clinical work indicates that N ‐acetylcysteine (NAC) may be beneficial in this disease. The activity of this antioxidant was examined on bleomycin-induced lung damage, mucus secretory cells hyperplasia and mucin Muc5ac gene expression in rats. NAC (3 mmol·kg−1·day−1) or saline was given orally to Sprague-Dawley rats for 1 week prior to a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (2.5 U·kg−1) and for 14 days postinstillation. NAC decreased collagen deposition in bleomycin-exposed rats (hydroxyproline content was 4,257±323 and 3,200±192 µg·lung−1 in vehicle- and NAC…
Alterations of the beneficial effect of deep inspiration in scleroderma: relationships between lung function and imaging.
2007
<i>Background:</i> It has been postulated that the beneficial effects of deep inspiration are dependent on the magnitude of airway distension by virtue of airway to parenchyma interdependence. <i>Objective:</i> This study was designed to examine whether the changes that occur in pulmonary fibrosis affect the beneficial effect of deep inspiration. <i>Methods:</i> Thirty-one subjects with scleroderma underwent lung volume and diffusion capacity assessment as well as high-resolution computed tomography. To assess the effect of deep inspiration, each subject underwent methacholine provocations in the absence of deep breaths. When the targeted change in lung f…
Attenuation by oralN-acetylcysteine of bleomycin-induced lung injury in rats
2001
Antioxidant therapy may be useful in diseases with impaired oxidant-antioxidant balance such as pulmonary fibrosis. This study examines the effect ofN-acetylcysteine (NAC) on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats.NAC (3 mmol·kg−1; oral) was given daily from 1 week prior to a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (2.5 U·kg−1) or saline, until 14 days postinstillation.NAC partially decreased the augmented collagen deposition in bleomycin-exposed rats (hydroxyproline content was 4,354±386 and 3,416±326 µg·lung−1in vehicle-treated and NAC-treated rats, respectively; p<0.05). The histological assessment using a semiquantitative score showed less collagen deposition and inflammatory…
The independent role of prenatal and postnatal exposure to active and passive smoking on the development of early wheeze in children
2016
Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases childhood asthma risk, but health effects in children of nonsmoking mothers passively exposed to tobacco smoke during pregnancy are unclear. We examined the association of maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and wheeze in children aged ≤2 years.Individual data of 27 993 mother–child pairs from 15 European birth cohorts were combined in pooled analyses taking into consideration potential confounders.Children with maternal exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy and no other smoking exposure were more likely to develop wheeze up to the age of 2 years (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.20) compared with unexposed children. Risk of wheeze was further …
Respiratory syncytial virus infection in a Sicilian pediatric population: Risk factors, epidemiology, and severity
2008
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in young children worldwide. This study evaluated the epidemiological and clinical patterns of RSV infection in infants hospitalized for LRTIs in Sicily. Over a 7-month period (October 1, 2005 to April 30, 2006), all children 6 months old, with a gestational age (GA) of >36 weeks, with a birth weight of >2.50 g, with previous hospitalizations due to LRTI, with smokers in the household, and with a history of breast-feeding (p < 0.05 for each). RSV infection was associated with a higher likelihood to be admitted to neonatal intensive care units and to longer hospitalization…
Acetylcholine in isolated airways of rat, guinea pig, and human: species differences in role of airway mucosa
1996
Stored endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) and in vitro synthesis of [3H]ACh were measured in isolated, mucosa-intact and mucosa-denuded airways of rat, guinea pig, and humans. In addition, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and ACh content were measured in freshly isolated airway mucosa as well as in cultured epithelial cells of rat tracheas. Rat tracheas stored 25 nmol/g ACh, whereas guinea pig tracheas and human bronchi contained only 2-3 nmol/g ACh. When incubated with [3H]choline, the isolated airways of rat, guinea pig, and human synthesized significant amounts of [3H]ACh. In guinea pig and human airways, removal of the mucosa affected neither stored ACh nor in vitro synthesis of […
Effect of one-year dextromethorphan/quinidine treatment on management of respiratory impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
2021
Abstract Treatment with Dextromethorphan/Quinidine (DM/Q) has demonstrated benefit on pseudobulbar affect and bulbar function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of this study was to assess whether DM/Q could provide long-term improvement in bulbar function and thereby prolong noninvasive respiratory management in ALS. Materials and methods This prospective, case-cohort study, recruited ALS patients with bulbar dysfunction. Subjects included were compared with cross-matched historical controls. Cases received DM/Q (20/10 mg twice daily) during one-year follow-up; bulbar dysfunction was evaluated with the Norris scale bulbar subscore (NBS) and bulbar subscale of AlSFRS-R (ALSFRSb…