Search results for "RESPIRATORY"
showing 10 items of 5091 documents
The paradox of the evidence about invasive fungal infections prevention
2016
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are characterized by high morbidity and mortality in non-neutropenic critically ill patients. Attributable mortality due to Candida spp. infections ranges from about 42 to 63 % [1, 2]. Data from large observational and retrospective studies show an association between early antifungal treatment and improved survival [3, 4]. Updated clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis have been recently published [5]. In 2006, Playford et al. published a Cochrane systematic review investigating the use of antifungal agents for prevention of IFIs in non-neutropenic critically ill patients [6]. In that review, the outcome of proven IFI was defined as…
Variability in recording and scoring of respiratory events during sleep in Europe: a need for uniform standards.
2015
Abstract: Uniform standards for the recording and scoring of respiratory events during sleep are lacking in Europe, although many centres follow the published recommendations of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The aim of this study was to assess the practice for the diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing throughout Europe. A specially developed questionnaire was sent to representatives of the 31 national sleep societies in the Assembly of National Sleep Societies of the European Sleep Research Society, and a total of 29 countries completed the questionnaire. Polysomnography was considered the primary diagnostic method for sleep apnea diagnosis in 10 (34.5%), whereas polygraphy was …
Reslizumab (RES) in asthma patients (pts) with severe eosinophilic asthma stratified by GINA asthma steps 4 and 5: Analysis of two phase 3, placebo (…
2016
Background: RES reduced exacerbation frequency and improved lung function and asthma control in pts with inadequately controlled asthma and elevated blood eosinophils (EOS) in two PBO-controlled, phase 3 trials (Castro et al. Lancet Resp Med 2015). Aims/objectives: To determine the efficacy of RES in asthma pts stratified by GINA Step 4 (G4) and Step 5 (G5) categories of asthma severity. Methods: Pooled data from two 52-week, PBO-controlled trials of RES (3mg/kg IV Q4W) in pts with inadequately controlled asthma and blood EOS ≥400/µL on inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) ± another controller; primary results have been reported. Current analysis includes pts stratified by G4 (medium/high-dose ICS …
Best practices, challenges and innovations in pediatrics in 2019
2020
AbstractThis paper runs through key progresses in epidemiology, pathomechanisms and therapy of various diseases in children that were issued in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics at the end of last year. Novel research and documents that explore areas such as allergy, critical care, endocrinology, gastroenterology, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, nutrition, and respiratory tract illnesses in children have been reported. These observations will help to control childhood illnesses.
Cost-effectiveness of bedaquiline in MDR and XDR tuberculosis in Italy
2016
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of bedaquiline plus background drug regimens (BR) for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in Italy. Methods: A Markov model was adapted to the Italian setting to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of bedaquiline plus BR (BBR) versus BR in the treatment of MDR-TB and XDR-TB over 10 years, from both the National Health Service (NHS) and societal perspective. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated in terms of life-years gained (LYG). Clinical data were sourced from trials; resource consumption for compared treatments was modelled according to advice from an expert c…
Prescription of automatic bilevel ventilation (AutoBI) in sleep-disordered breathing: analysis according to diagnosis and occurrence of comorbidities
2017
CPAP is the first-choice treatment for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (O-SDB), while the criteria to prescribe AutoBI are undefined. Trials of AutoBI ventilation in patients (pts) treated for O-SDB from January 2015 to October 2016 (64 out of 242 titrations) were reviewed to assess: a) the clinical characteristics of these pts, b) the reason to shift from CPAP to AutoBI, c) the compliance to prescribed treatment. AutoBI was used in cases of intolerance to high therapeutic CPAP levels (n=21) or incomplete resolution of SDB on CPAP (n=43). The Table reports the differences between CPAP or AutoBI pts CPAP SDB diagnosis was: 82% OSA, 18% OSA-COPD Overlap in the CPAP group; 39% OSA, 28% …
Late-asthma onset and associated factors
2016
Although asthma is usually considered to originate in childhood, adult-onset is being increasingly reported. Aim: to assess factors associated to early- (<18 yrs) and late-onset (≥18 yrs) asthma. Methods: Data from a web-based Italian severe/uncontrolled asthma (SUA) registry (released in 2014), including 577 SUA subjects from 6 clinical and epidemiological Italian centres (Pisa1, Perugia, Ancona, Verona, Palermo, Pisa2). Results: 77.5% of SUA subjects had a late-onset asthma. Among subjects with early-onset asthma there were higher frequencies of allergic asthma (92.1 vs 76.4%), asthma familiarity (52.8 vs 42.8%), seasonal symptoms (51.3 vs 27.6%), active smoking habits (8.5 vs 4.4%) and u…
Awareness of droplet and airborne isolation precautions among dental health professionals during the outbreak of corona virus infection in Riyadh cit…
2015
Background This study aimed to determine knowledge, attitude and practice of airborne and droplet isolation precautions among Dental Health Professionals (DHPs) (dental students, interns, practitioners and auxiliaries) during the outbreak of MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), corona virus infection in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 406 dental health professionals (DHPs) working in selected dental facilities in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia during the outbreak of MERS (April-June 2013). A structured, close-ended, self-administered questionnaire explored the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards droplet and isolation precauti…
Percutaneous tracheostomy in COVID patients. Experience in our hospital center after one year of pandemic and review of the literature
2021
Background The pandemic caused by SARS-COV-2 has caused an increase in the need of tracheostomies in patients affected with respiratory distress syndrome. In this article we report our experience during a year of pandemic, we develop our surgical technique to perform percutaneous tracheostomy with the patient in apnea and we compare our results with those of other centers through a bibliographic review. Material and Methods A one-year retrospective clinical study was carried out on tracheotomies performed on patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe SARS-CoV-2, with difficulty for ventilation or weaning. The technique performed was percutaneous, with fibroscopic control throu…
Effects of severe arterial hypocapnia on regional blood flow regulation, tissuePO2 and metabolism in the brain cortex of cats
1981
The effect of a stepwise decrease in PaCO2 from 3.9-1.6 kPa on rCBF, rCMRO2, tissue PO2 and concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ATP, ADP, AMP and phosphocreatine in the brain cortex was studied in cats lightly anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. 1. Moderate lowering of PaCO2 to 2.5 kPa induced in all animals a homogeneous decrease of rCBF in corresponding areas of the right and left hemisphere. Mean rCBF fell from 129.2 to 103.1 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1, while rCMRO2 remained unchanged (12.7-12.9 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1). The tissue PO2 frequency histograms showed a shift to lower values without indicating the presence of brain tissue hypoxia. 2. Severe arterial hypocapnia (PaCO2 = …