Search results for "RESPIRATORY"
showing 10 items of 5091 documents
Microstructural evaluation and recommendations for face masks in community use to reduce the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases
2022
Funding Information: A.K., H.Y. and R.J. also acknowledges the funding through Academy of Finland BESIMAL (Decision No. 334197) and Aalto University, Department of Communications and Networking. This work has also received funding in part from the EPSRC UK (grant number EP/R012091/1). A.K. would also like to thank Mr. Volkan Kaplan for the fruitful discussions in the early concept generation. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s) Background and Objective: Recommendations for the use of face masks to prevent and protect against the aerosols (≤5µm) and respiratory droplet particles (≥5µm), which can carry and transmit respiratory infections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coro…
The Nasal Epithelium as a Factory for Systemic Protein Delivery
2002
We have previously shown that recombinant Sendai virus (SeV) produces efficient in vivo airway epithelial gene transfer. The ability to produce therapeutic levels of circulating proteins following noninvasive gene transfer would have widespread clinical application. Here, we compared nose, lung, and skeletal muscle for the ability to produce circulating levels of the secreted mouse antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL10) following SeV-mediated gene transfer. High levels of serum IL10 were obtained from each site with a potency order of lung > nose > muscle for a given viral titer. Serum levels from each site were within the likely required range for anti-inflammatory effects. The co…
Rapid and sensitive detection of metapneumovirus in clinical specimens by indirect fluorescence assay using a monoclonal antibody.
2008
Human metapneumovirus, with two known genotypes named A and B, is associated with mild respiratory symptoms to severe LRTI in children, high-risk adults and the elderly. Rapid and reliable methods of hMPV detection in clinical samples are essential to implement appropriate care, to better understand the pathology of hMPV and to determine its epidemiology. Respiratory samples from 1,386 patients collected during 2 consecutive years were screened for hMPV using indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) assay with a monoclonal antibody. Forty-three patients tested positive for hMPV by the IFA method. In parallel, the samples were examined with RT-PCR on the F gene. Of these, 41 specimens were RT-PCR p…
Immune responses during COVID-19 infection
2020
International audience; Over the past 16 years, three coronaviruses (CoVs), severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV) in 2002, Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) in 2012 and 2015, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2020, have been causing severe and fatal human epidemics. The unpredictability of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) poses a major burden on health care and economic systems across the world. This is caused by the paucity of in-depth knowledge of the risk factors for severe COVID-19, insufficient diagnostic tools for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the absence of specific and effective drug treatments. While protective humoral and cellular immune responses are usually m…
Molecular Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1-Induced Immune Translational Shutdown as Revealed by All-Atom Simulations.
2021
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic represents the most severe global health crisis in modern human history. One of the major SARS-CoV-2 virulence factors is nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1), which, outcompeting with the binding of host mRNA to the human ribosome, triggers a translation shutdown of the host immune system. Here, microsecond-long all-atom simulations of the C-terminal portion of the SARS-CoV-2/SARS-CoV Nsp1 in complex with the 40S ribosome disclose that SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 has evolved from its SARS-CoV ortholog to more effectively hijack the ribosome by undergoing a critical switch of Q/E158 and E/Q159 residues that perfects Nsp1's interactions…
Antiviral prophylaxis in patients with haematological malignancies and solid tumours: Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of …
2006
Morbidity and mortality in patients with malignancies are increased by viral infections. These mostly are reactivations of asymptomatic latent infections. They primarily concern clinical entities associated with the reactivation of herpes viruses, such as varicella zoster virus (VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Respiratory tract infections caused by influenza, parainfluenza or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are less common. Since reactivation of latent infections has major clinical impact, antiviral prophylaxis is an attractive approach for patients expecting immunosuppression. The main risk factor for clinically relevant reactivation is profound disruption of cellular immune response. Du…
Additional file 2 of COVID-19: viral–host interactome analyzed by network based-approach model to study pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection
2020
Additional file 2: Figure S1. Pairwise distances along 259 full length CoV genomes. In the bottom of picture, indicative gene positioning along CoVs genomes is reported. The list of all considered genomes is reported in Additional file 1: Table S1. Figure S2. 3D structure of S-glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 and comparison with the ortholog from HCoV-229E, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. Lateral (a) and superior (b) representation of SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein, deducted for the sequence of patient INMI1 (MT066156.1). Each subunit chain has a different color. Structure comparison of S-glycoprotein subunit between: HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2, in purple and blue respectively (c); SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, in r…
Inspiratory Muscle Strength and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Association With Health-Related Quality of Life in Healthy Older Adults
2021
The main purpose of this study was to explore similarities and differences in the association between two capabilities affecting the cardiorespiratory system (overall and multifactorial cardiorespiratory fitness and inspiratory muscle strength) and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), in a group of active healthy seniors. Sixty-five individuals (age, 73.01 ± 5.27 years; 53 women) who participated regularly in a multicomponent training program completed the EuroQol 5D-5L questionnaire, the 6-min walking test (6MWT), and the maximum inspiratory pressure test (MIP). Non-parametric correlations (Spearman's rho) were conducted to analyze the association between HRQoL indices (EQindex and …
Impact of using different levels of threshold-based artefact correction on the quantification of heart rate variability in three independent human co…
2020
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive indicator of autonomic nervous system function. HRV recordings show artefacts due to technical and/or biological issues. The Kubios software is one of the most used software to process HRV recordings, offering different levels of threshold-based artefact correction (i.e., Kubios filters). The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of different Kubios filters on the quantification of HRV derived parameters from short-term recordings in three independent human cohorts. A total of 312 participants were included: 107 children with overweight/obesity (10.0 ±
Longitudinal associations among cardiorespiratory fitness and objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of Finnish schoolchildren
2022
Children and adolescents' engagement in physical activity has decreased in most Western countries across the previous three decades. Therefore, increasing number of researchers are investigating antecedents of physical activity engagement in childhood and adolescence. This longitudinal study investigated if cardiorespiratory fitness measured at Grade 5 explained objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at grade 7. nonPeerReviewed