Search results for "RICH"
showing 10 items of 3360 documents
Seawater carbonate chemistry and coralline algal diversity
2021
Calcified coralline algae are ecologically important in rocky habitats in the marine photic zone worldwide and there is growing concern that ocean acidification will severely impact them. Laboratory studies of these algae in simulated ocean acidification conditions have revealed wide variability in growth, photosynthesis and calcification responses, making it difficult to assess their future biodiversity, abundance and contribution to ecosystem function. Here, we apply molecular systematic tools to assess the impact of natural gradients in seawater carbonate chemistry on the biodiversity of coralline algae in the Mediterranean and the NW Pacific, link this to their evolutionary history and …
The structure of parasite component communities in brackish water fishes of the northeastern Baltic Sea
2001
We used nestedness analysis to seek non-random patterns in the structure of component communities of metazoan parasites collected from 31 sympatric fish species from the northeastern Bothnian Bay, the most oligohaline area of the Baltic Sea. Only 8 marine parasite species were found among the 63 species recorded, although some marine fish species reproduce in the bay and others occasionally visit the area. Marine parasite species can utilize both freshwater and marine fish species as intermediate or final hosts, and marine fish can harbour freshwater parasite species. This exchange of parasite species between marine and freshwater fish has probably resulted from ecological factors acting ov…
Assessment of Human Exposure to Deoxynivalenol, Ochratoxin A, Zearalenone and Their Metabolites Biomarker in Urine Samples Using LC-ESI-qTOF.
2021
Human are exposed to a wide range of mycotoxins through dietary food intake, including processed food. Even most of the mycotoxin exposure assessment studies are based on analysis of foodstuffs, and evaluation of dietary intake through food consumption patterns and human biomonitoring methods are rising as a reliable alternative to approach the individual exposures, overcoming the limitations of the indirect dietary assessment. In this study, human urine samples were analyzed, seeking the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), and their metabolites. For this purpose, 40 urine samples from female and male adult residents in the city of Valencia (Spain) were …
Bioaccessibility of Deoxynivalenol and its natural co-occurrence with Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxin B1 in Italian commercial pasta
2012
Abstract Cereals products for direct human consumption are rarely contaminated by moulds, unlike raw materials, which are often infected, either in the field or during storage. In this study, 27 samples of dried pasta characterised by size, packaging and marketing intended for young children consumption were collected and analysed by liquid chromatography (LC) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for Deoxynivalenol (DON), Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) determination. The samples that showed the highest amounts of one of the mycotoxins were cooked for 10 min, digested with an in vitro gastrointestinal protocol and bioaccessibility values were calculate…
Determination of multiple mycotoxins in feedstuffs by combined use of UPLC–MS/MS and UPLC–QTOF–MS
2018
In this report, a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, fusarenone X, diacetoxyscirpenol, and 3- and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol in feedstuffs was developed. A quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer detector (QTOF-MS) operating in full scan mode was combined with the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS system to confirm the identity of detected mycotoxins and to identify other possible microbial metabolites occurring in samples. Sixty-two feed samples from the Spanish market were analyzed. Extraction of metabolites was carried out with acetonitrile-water-formic acid (80:19:1, v/v/v). Method detection a…
Changes in ochratoxin A and type B trichothecenes contained in wheat flour during dough fermentation and bread baking processes
2009
Ochratoxin A (OTA) and type B trichothecenes are mycotoxins that occur frequently in cereals and thus can be found in cereal by-products such as bread. The aim of this work was to study the variation of the levels of OTA, deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and nivalenol (NIV) during the bread-making process. This was done by using wheat flour spiked with different levels of toxins. Mycotoxin levels were controlled after fermentation of the dough with yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and after further baking at different temperature-time combinations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the results showed a significant reduction in OTA level (p < 0.05) during fermentation of …
Reliģiskais simbolisms Luīzes Erdrikas romānos
2018
Šī pētījuma autors analizē, kādā veidā tiek izmantoti reliģiskie simboli Luīzes Erdrikas tetraloģijā, kas sastāv no romāniem “Mīlas Medicīna”, “Pēdas”, “Biešu Karaliene” un “Bingo Pils”. Reliģisko simbolismu analizēšana viņas romānos ļaus saprast Amerikas indiāņu sarežģīto identitātes veidošanās procesu Amerikas kolonizācijas apstākļos. Pētījuma mērķis ir analizēt, kādos veidos Erdrika izmanto reliģisko simbolismu minētajā tetraloģijā. Pētījuma metodes ir padziļinātā lasīšana, stāstījuma analīze un salīdzinošā interpretatīvā metode, balstoties uz postkoloniālās, Amerikas Indiāņu, stāstījuma analīzes un kulturvēsturiskā diskursa analīzes metodoloģijām. Šajā pētījumā izmantotās metodoloģijas …
Spatial patterns of disparity and diversity of the Recent cuttlefishes (Cephalopoda) across the Old World
2003
Aim Diversity and disparity metrics of all Recent cuttlefishes are studied at the macroevolutionary scale (1) to establish the geographical biodiversity patterns of these cephalopods at the species level and (2) to explore the relationships between these two metrics. Location Sampling uses what is known about these tropical, subtropical and warm temperate cephalopods of the Old World based on a literature review and on measurements of museum specimens. Some 111 species spread across seventeen biogeographical areas serve as basic units for exploring diversity and disparity metrics in space. Methods Landmarks describe the shape of the cuttlebone (the inner shell of the sepiids) and difference…
Acute effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane on human olfactory functioning.
2004
Background Animal experiments indicate that 1,1,1-trichloroethane can cause degeneration of the olfactory epithelium. The effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane on human odor perception still have not been investigated. The goal of this study was to learn more about acute effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Methods Twelve healthy, nonsmoking students were exposed to 200 and 20 ppm (control) 1,1,1-trichloroethane in an exposure chamber for 4 hours according to a crossover design. Olfactory functioning was investigated with the Sniffin’ Sticks. The test includes the determination of the detection threshold for n-butanol and an odor identification test. Results After 1 hour of exposure to 200 ppm 1,1,…
Clinical Applications, Pitfalls, and Uncertainties of Thrombin Generation in the Presence of Platelets
2019
Platelet-dependent thrombin generation is a helpful tool to assess ex vivo the interaction between platelets and plasma coagulation factors in the initiation, amplification, and inhibition of thrombin generation (TG). This review article discusses the most relevant available data on the clinical applications of fluorogenic TG, the most widely used TG assay, performed in the presence of platelets, i.e., in platelet-rich plasma. With respect to prothrombotic states, arterial hypertension and obesity were the most prominent cardiovascular conditions linked to increased platelet-dependent TG. In addition, platelet-associated hypercoagulability, assessed by the TG assay, has been shown in indivi…