Search results for "RIO"

A Hazelnut-Enriched Diet Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Gene Expression without Weight Gain

2019

Introduction. Inflammation is associated with obesity condition and plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of many chronic diseases. Among several nutraceutical foods, hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) are considered an excellent anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic food being the second richest source of monounsaturated fatty acids among nuts and because they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Materials and Methods. A prospective pilot clinical trial on 24 healthy volunteers who consumed daily, as a snack, 40 g of hazelnuts (261.99 kcal/1096.17 kJ) for six weeks was conducted. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, and nutrigenomic analysis on …

Modulating Oxidant Levels to Promote Healthy Aging

2020

Significance: Free radicals although originally thought of as damaging molecules, inevitable side effects of the utilization of oxygen by cells, are now considered as signals that by modifying, among others, the thiol-disulfide balance regulate many cell processes from metabolism to cell cycle. Recent Advances: This review discusses the importance of the modulation of the oxidant levels through physiological strategies such as physical exercise or genetic manipulations such as the overexpression of antioxidant enzymes, in the promotion of healthy aging. Critical Issues: We have divided the review into five different sections. In the first two sections of the article "Oxidants are signals" a…

Aging-Related Disorders and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Critical Review for Prospect Mitoprotective Strategies Based on Mitochondrial Nutrient Mixtu…

2020

A number of aging-related disorders (ARD) have been related to oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction (MDF) in a well-established body of literature. Most studies focused on cardiovascular disorders (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and neurodegenerative disorders. Counteracting OS and MDF has been envisaged to improve the clinical management of ARD, and major roles have been assigned to three mitochondrial cofactors, also termed mitochondrial nutrients (MNs), i.e., alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and carnitine (CARN). These cofactors exert essential-and distinct-roles in mitochondrial machineries, along with strong antioxidant properties. Clinical trials have mostly…

Intensified mitophagy in skeletal muscle with aging is downregulated by PGC-1alpha overexpression in vivo.

2018

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the etiology of age-related muscle atrophy known as sarcopenia. PGC-1α is positioned at the center of crosstalk in regulating mitochondrial quality control, but its role in mitophagy in aged skeletal muscle is currently unclear. The present study investigated the effects of aging and PGC-1α overexpression via in vivo DNA transfection on key mitophagy protein markers, as well as mitochondrial dynamics related proteins, metabolic function and antioxidant capacity in mouse muscle. C57BL/6J mice at the age of 2 mo (young, Y; N = 14) and 24 mo (old, O; N = 14) were transfected in vivo with either PGC-1α DNA (OE, N = 7) or GFP (N = 7) into the …

2020

Healthy aging is associated with deterioration of the sensorimotor system, which impairs balance and somatosensation. However, the exact age-related changes in the cortical processing of sensorimotor integration are unclear. This study investigated primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) oscillations in the 15-30 Hz beta band at rest and following (involuntary) rapid stretches to the triceps surae muscles (i.e., proprioceptive stimulation) of young and older adults. A custom-built, magnetoencephalography (MEG)-compatible device was used to deliver rapid (190°·s-1) ankle rotations as subjects sat passively in a magnetically-shielded room while MEG recorded their cortical signals. Eleven young (age…

27Al NMR Study of the pH Dependent Hydrolysis Products of Al2(SO4)3 in Different Physiological Media

2018

Soluble inorganic aluminium compounds like aluminium sulfate or aluminium chloride have been challenged by the European Chemical Agency to induce germ cell mutagenicity. Before conducting mutagenicity tests, the hydrolysis products in water and in physiological solutions should be determined as a function of the concentration and pH. We used different 27Al NMR spectroscopic techniques (heteronuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (HOESY), exchange spectroscopy (EXSY), diffusion ordered (DOSY)) in this work to gain the information to study the aluminium species in solutions with Al2(SO4)3 concentrations of 50.0, 5.0, and 0.5 g/L and their pH and time dependent transformation. At low pH, thre…

Phytocystatin CsinCPI-2 Reduces Osteoclastogenesis and Alveolar Bone Loss

2021

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-02-01 Periodontal disease (PD) is a polymicrobial chronic inflammatory condition of the supporting tissues around the teeth, leading to the destruction of surrounding connective tissue. During the progression of PD, osteoclasts play a crucial role in the resorption of alveolar bone that eventually leads to the loss of teeth if the PD is left untreated. Therefore, the development of antiresorptive therapies targeting bone-resorbing cells will significantly benefit the treatment of PD. Here, we demonstrate the inhibitory effect of CsinCPI-2, a novel cysteine peptidase inhibitor from the oran…

Cellular and Molecular Heterogeneity Associated with Vessel Formation Processes

2018

The microvasculature heterogeneity is a complex subject in vascular biology. The difficulty of building a dynamic and interactive view among the microenvironments, the cellular and molecular heterogeneities, and the basic aspects of the vessel formation processes make the available knowledge largely fragmented. The neovascularisation processes, termed vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis, are important to the formation and proper functioning of organs and tissues both in the embryo and the postnatal period. These processes are intrinsically related to microvascular cells, such as endothelial and mural cells. These cells are able to adjust their activities in r…

Tenofovir-induced toxicity in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells

2017

OBJECTIVE In-vivo studies suggest that mitochondria is involved in tenofovir (TFV)-induced renal toxicity, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of TFV and its prodrug, TFV disoproxil fumarate, on mitochondrial function and cell survival/viability in a renal proximal tubular cell line. DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated parameters of cellular proliferation/survival (cell count, cell cycle, viability) and mitochondrial function (oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species production) in NRK-52E cells. Intracellular TFV was measured by HPLC and expression of antioxidant genes was analysed by real-…

Physiological Levels of Nitric Oxide Diminish Mitochondrial Superoxide. Potential Role of Mitochondrial Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes and Nitrosothiols.

2017

Mitochondria are the major source of superoxide radicals and superoxide overproduction contributes to cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Endothelial dysfunction and diminished nitric oxide levels are early steps in the development of these pathological conditions. It is known that physiological production of nitric oxide reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, however, the precise mechanism of “antioxidant” effect of nitric oxide is not clear. In this work we tested the hypothesis that physiological levels of nitric oxide diminish mitochondrial superoxide production without inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. In order to test this hypothesis we analyzed effect of low p…