Search results for "ROSA"

Phylogeographic patterns in Drosophila montana

2006

The Drosophila virilis species group offers valuable opportunities for studying the roles of chromosomal re-arrangements and mating signals in speciation. The 13 species are divided into two subgroups, the montana and virilis 'phylads'. There is greater differentiation among species within the montana phylad in both karyotype and acoustic signals than exists among members of the virilis phylad. Drosophila montana is a divergent species which is included in the montana phylad. Here, we analyse the phylogeography of D. montana to provide a framework for understanding divergence of acoustic signals among populations. We analysed mitochondrial sequences corresponding to the cytochrome oxidase I…

Evaluation of a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia on chromosome 6p by multipoint affected sib-pair linkage analysis

1995

The influence of genetic factors in schizophrenia has been convincingly demonstrated by family, twin and adoption studies, but the mode of transmission remains uncertain. The reported pattern of recurrence risks suggests a set of interacting loci. Based on prior evidence for linkage on chromosome 6p (K. Kendler, pers. comm.), we have scanned the short arm of chromosome 6 in 54 families for loci predisposing to schizophrenia, using 25 microsatellite markers spanning 60 centiMorgans (cM). Allele sharing identity by descent was examined in affected sib-pairs from these families, followed by multipoint sib-pair linkage analysis. Positive lod scores were obtained over a wide region (D6S470 to D6…

Basic issues in forensic DNA typing

1997

DNA analysis has become the standard method in forensic stain typing (termed DNA profiling). In contrast to conventional serological methods, any human tissue or body fluid can be analysed by DNA profiling as long as it contains nucleated cells. The majority of genetic systems studied at the DNA level are derived from "non-coding" portions from the human genome, and are located either in the vicinity of expressed (coding) genes or in stretches of DNA sequences interspersing with the genes. The typing results are usually recorded as DNA fragment lengths or "alleles" indicating the number of core repeat elements for short tandem repeat systems. These typing results do not contain any useful i…

Mixture analysis using SWaP™ SNPs and non-biallelic SNPs

2006

Abstract Improved analysis of degraded samples, increased throughput, and a wider choice of typing platforms are some of the significant advantages offered by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping over established short tandem repeat (STR)-based systems. However, DNA mixtures present a considerable problem to SNP analysis as there is currently no generally accepted technique that allows recognition of the presence of a mixed profile or identification of the individual contributors. We present the first demonstration of SNP mixture analysis with an approach based upon the use of two rare subsets of SNPs: SWaP™ SNPs and non-biallelic SNPs and discuss their value for forensic mixture…

Genetic analysis of Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) cultivars by ISSR molecular markers

2011

Eight cultivars of Citrus aurantium L., showing peculiar morphological traits of the fruits and leaves, were analyzed genetically. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) was chosen as molecular markers because they represent a highly efficient system for investigating variability at intraspecific level. The particular morphological traits were discussed, the genetic identity and distance matrix based on Nei index was calculated, and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram was generated. A total of 53 clearly distinguished DNA bands were considered for the ISSR analysis of which 24 were polymorphic. A basic C. aurantium fingerprinting pattern was obtained. The I…

Microsatellite-based species identification method for Drosophila virilis group species

2007

Species of the D. virilis group are widely used in evolutionary research, but the individuals of different species are difficult to distinguish from each other morphologically. We constructed a fast and easy microsatellite-based identification method for the species of the group occurring sympatrically in northern Europe. The neighbor joining tree based on 14 microsatellite loci also gave a good resolution of the species divergence pattern in the whole group.

Development and characterization of 11 microsatellite markers in the rock sparrow, Petronia petronia

2006

Eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated in the passeriform Petronia petronia using the enrichment protocol FIASCO (fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats). We detected three to 13 alleles per locus in 25 specimens collected from an Italian population. The level of expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.439 to 0.856. One locus is sex linked to the Z chromosome. The total exclusionary probabilities using these loci for the first and the second parent were 0.978 and 0.999, respectively. These are the first microsatellite loci characterized from the rock sparrow that can be used for estimating population structure and for large-scale parentage analysis.

Intra-allelic variation in introns of the S13-RNase allele distinguishes sweet, wild and sour cherries

2010

The cherry (Prunus avium), a self-incompatible diploid species, and the sour cherry (Prunus cerasus), a self-incompatible or self-compatible allotetraploid species derived from P. avium and Prunus fruticosa, share several S-RNase alleles, including S13. An inactive form, S13° ,i s found in some sour cherries. Two (AT) microsatellites are associated with allele S13-RNase, one in the first intron and one in the second. Their length polymorphisms were studied in 14 sweet and 17 wild cherries (both P. avium) and in 42 sour cherries. Fluorescent primers amplifying each microsatellite were designed and amplification prod- ucts sized on an automated sequencer. Variants ranged from 247 to 273 bp fo…

Microsatellite allele 5.1 of major histocompatibility complex class I chain related gene A (MIC-A) is increased among non-insulin dependent diabetes …

2000

Multiple methods for the identification of polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

1995

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), also known as microsatellites, are highly variable DNA sequences that can be used as markers for the genetic analysis of plants. Three approaches were followed for the development of PCR primers for the amplification of DNA fragments containing SSRs from sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]: a search for sorghum SSRs in public DNA databases; the use of SSR-specific primers developed in the Poaceae species maize (Zea mays L.) and seashore paspalum grass (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz); and the screening of sorghum genomic libraries by hybridization with SSR oligonucleotides. A total of 49 sorghum SSR-specific PCR primer pairs (two designed from GenBank SSR-contai…