Search results for "ROSAT"
showing 10 items of 520 documents
In the literature: December 2018
2018
The current development of immune checkpoint modulatory treatments has shown durable responses in the treatment of multiple cancer types.1 However, predictive biomarkers beyond PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) to stratify patients and identify those who could benefit of these therapies are needed. In this sense, a recent study published in Science by Cristescu et al 2 describes the potential usefulness of combining the tumour mutational burden (TMB) and the T cell-inflamed gene expression profile (GEP) to jointly predict clinical response to pembrolizumab. Both PD-L1 and the GEP represent a T cell-inflamed tumour microenvironment (TME), whereas TM…
Distinct Mutational Profile of Lynch Syndrome Colorectal Cancers Diagnosed under Regular Colonoscopy Surveillance
2021
Regular colonoscopy even with short intervals does not prevent all colorectal cancers (CRC) in Lynch syndrome (LS). In the present study, we asked whether cancers detected under regular colonoscopy surveillance (incident cancers) are phenotypically different from cancers detected at first colonoscopy (prevalent cancers). We analyzed clinical, histological, immunological and mutational characteristics, including panel sequencing and high-throughput coding microsatellite (cMS) analysis, in 28 incident and 67 prevalent LS CRCs (n total = 95). Incident cancers presented with lower UICC and T stage compared to prevalent cancers (p <
Molecular markers and biological targeted therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer: expert opinion and recommendations derived from the 11th ESMO/Wo…
2010
The article summarizes the expert discussion and recommendations on the use of molecular markers and of biological targeted therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), as well as a proposed treatment decision strategy for mCRC treatment. The meeting was conducted during the 11th ESMO/World Gastrointestinal Cancer Congress (WGICC) in Barcelona in June 2009. The manuscript describes the outcome of an expert discussion leading to an expert recommendation. The increasing knowledge on clinical and molecular markers and the availability of biological targeted therapies have major implications in the optimal management in mCRC. 21 Suppl 6 vi1 10
Exome and immune cell score analyses reveal great variation within synchronous primary colorectal cancers
2019
BACKGROUND: Approximately 4% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have at least two simultaneous cancers in the colon. Due to the shared environment, these synchronous CRCs (SCRCs) provide a unique setting to study colorectal carcinogenesis. Understanding whether these tumours are genetically similar or distinct is essential when designing therapeutic approaches. METHODS: We performed exome sequencing of 47 primary cancers and corresponding normal samples from 23 patients. Additionally, we carried out a comprehensive mutational signature analysis to assess whether tumours had undergone similar mutational processes and the first immune cell score analysis (IS) of SCRC to analyse the interplay…
Patterns of K-ras mutation in colorectal carcinomas from Iran and Italy (a Gruppo Oncologico dell'Italia Meridionale study): influence of microsatell…
2006
Background: K-ras mutations are a key step in colorectal cancer progression. Such mutations have been widely studied in case series from Western countries but there are few data on the rate and spectrum of mutations in tumors from countries where the epidemiological features of the disease are different. Patients and methods: Tumor samples from 182 Iranian colorectal cancer patients (170 sporadic cases and 12 HNPCC cases) were screened for K-ras mutations at codons 12, 13 and 61 by sequencing analysis. The cases were also characterized for microsatellite instability at mononucleotide repeats by PCR and fragment analysis, and classified according to microsatellite instability status. The fre…
Pharmacokinetic and metabolism determinants of fluoropyrimidines and oxaliplatin activity in treatment of colorectal patients
2011
Fluoropyrimidines and oxaliplatin continued to be the mainstay of therapeutic regimens in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). For this reason, pharmacokinetic and metabolism of these drugs were analyzed and the identification of accurate and validated predictive, prognostic and toxicity markers became necessary to develop an effective therapy adapted to the patient's molecular profile, while minimizing life-threatening toxicities. In this review, we discuss literature data, defining predictive and prognostic markers actually identified in the treatment of CRC. We analyzed predictive markers of fluoropyrimidines effectiveness, principally for 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and also for oral flu…
<i>BRAF</i> Mutation Testing in Lynch Syndrome Diagnostics: Performance and Efficiency According to Patient's Age
2019
Background: BRAF V600E mutations are reportedly associated with sporadic microsatellite-unstable (MSI) colorectal cancer (CRC), while rarely detected in CRCs of Lynch syndrome (LS) patients. Therefore, current international diagnostic guidelines recommend somatic BRAF mutation testing in MLH1-deficient MSI CRC patients to exclude LS. As sporadic BRAF- mutant MSI CRC is a disease of the elderly, while LS-associated CRC usually occurs at younger age, we hypothesized that the efficacy of BRAF testing in LS diagnostics may be age-dependent. Methods: We systematically compared the prevalence of BRAF mutations in LS-associated CRCs and MSI CRCs from population-based cohorts in different age group…
Molecular Characterization of the Leucine Plasmid from Buchnera aphidicola , Primary Endosymbiont of the Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
2000
The complete sequence of the leucine plasmid of Buchnera aphidicola from the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (pLeu-BAp) is reported. Its gene organization was concordant with those of other leucine plasmids of Buchnera from aphids of the Aphidini and Macrosiphini tribes. Three inverted repeats are present in pLeu-BAp. Two of them are also present in pLeu from the family Aphididae: (i) SIR1, located downstream the leucine operon, resembles a rho-independent terminator of transcription, and (ii) LIR1, located upstream of the leucine operon, is suggested to be involved in transcription termination or messenger stability. The third, located near the putative ATGC repeats involved in the origin of rep…
PCR-fingerprinting and RAPD approaches for tracing the source of yeast contamination in a carbonated orange juice production chain.
2005
Aims: To investigate the sort and the origin of the contamination of a packed fruit juice. Methods and Results: Fifty-eight yeast isolates were collected in a survey of two different visits to a carbonated orange juice factory. In each visit, samples were collected, six times, from seven points in the production chain. For each visit, no significant differences were observed among the yeast average values obtained in the control points considered. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with primer P24 and the PCR-fingerprinting with the microsatellites primers (GTG)5 and (GAC)5 were used, in order to discriminate the isolates, rendering 29 composite profiles; the most frequent one (24/…
Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr Virus Co-Infection in Gastric Disease: What Is the Correlation with p53 Mutation, Genes Methylation and Microsat…
2023
Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and infectious agents interact in the development of gastric diseases. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection has recently been shown to be correlated with these diseases. A cross-sectional study was performed on 100 hospitalized Italian patients with and without gastric diseases. The patients were stratified into four groups. Significant methylation status differences among CDH1, DAPK, COX2, hMLH1 and CDKN2A were observed for coinfected (Hp-EBV group) patients; particularly, a significant presence of COX2 (p = 0.0179) was observed. For microsatellite instability, minor stability was described in the Hp-HBV group (69.23…