Search results for "ROUGH"
showing 10 items of 1198 documents
SMOS REFLEX 2003: L-band emissivity characterization of vineyards
2005
The goal of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission over land is to infer surface soil moisture from multiangular L-band radiometric measurements. As the canopy affects the microwave emission of land, it is necessary to characterize different vegetation layers. This paper presents the Reference Pixel L-Band Experiment (REFLEX), carried out in June-July 2003 at the Vale/spl grave/ncia Anchor Station, Spain, to study the effects of grapevines on the soil emission and on the soil moisture retrieval. A wide range of soil moisture (SM), from saturated to completely dry soil, was measured with the Universitat Polite/spl grave/cnica de Catalunya's L-band Automatic Radiometer (LAURA). Concurre…
A sensitivity analysis of a surface energy balance model to LAI (Leaf Area Index)
2008
The LAI is a key parameter in hydrological processes, especially in the physically based distribution models. It is a critical ecosystem attribute since physiological processes such as photosynthesis, transpiration and evaporation depend on it. The diffusion of water vapor, momentum, heat and light through the canopy is regulated by the distribution and density of the leaves, branches, twigs and stems. The LAI influences the sensible heat flux H in the surface energy balance single source models through the calculation of the roughness length and of the displacement height. The aerodynamic resistance between the soil and within-canopy source height is a function of the LAI through the rough…
Spatial throughfall heterogeneity in a montane rain forest in Ecuador: Extent, temporal stability and drivers
2009
Summary The drivers of spatial throughfall heterogeneity are still not fully understood. At an undisturbed forest site in the Ecuadorian Andes with ca. 2600 mm of annual rainfall we determined the accuracy of throughfall measurements by comparing Hellmann-type funnel gauges with troughs. At the same undisturbed and a managed, selectively-logged forest site we determined spatial variability of throughfall, temporal stability of spatial variability and the controls of spatial throughfall variability using a 4-year dataset in weekly resolution. There were no systematic differences between the collected volumes of funnel gauges and troughs. Based on the statistical distribution of annual throug…
Latent heat flux variability and response to drought stress of black poplar: A multi-platform multi-sensor remote and proximal sensing approach to re…
2022
Abstract High-throughput mapping of latent heat flux (λET) is critical to efforts to optimize water resources management and to accelerate forest tree breeding for improved drought tolerance. Ideally, investigation of the energy response at the tree level may promote tailored irrigation strategies and, thus, maximize crop biomass productivity. However, data availability is limited and planning experimental campaigns in the field can be highly operationally complex. To this end, a multi-platform multi-sensor observational approach is herein developed to dissect the λET signature of a black poplar (Populus nigra) breeding population (“POP6”) at the canopy level. POP6 comprised more than 4600 …
Spatio-temporal variation of throughfall in a hyrcanian plain forest stand in Northern Iran
2018
Abstract Elucidating segregation of precipitation in different components in forest stands is important for proper forest ecosystems management. However, there is a lack of information on important rainfall components viz. throughfall, interception and stemflow in forest watersheds particularly in developing countries. We therefore investigated the spatiotemporal variation of important component of throughfall for a forest stand in a Hyrcanian plain forest in Noor City, northern Iran. The study area contained five species of Quercus castaneifolia, Carpinus betulus, Populus caspica and Parrotia persica. The research was conducted from July 2013 to July 2014 using a systematic sampling method…
Expression of PIP1 and PIP2 aquaporins is enhanced in olive dwarf genotypes and is related to root and leaf hydraulic conductance
2007
The expression of OePIP1.1 and OePIP2.1 aquaporins in root, stem and leaf was higher in Olea europaea L. (olive) plants carrying a dwarfing (D) clone as rootstock, than in plants carrying a vigorous (M) clone as rootstock. The highest difference of expression between plants with D and M rootstocks was detected in the root and for the PIP2 gene, the transcripts of which show a high water channel activity in oocytes. Compared with plants with M rootstock, plants with D rootstock showed reduced root and canopy biomass and reduced hydraulic conductance of the bulk root system (Kroot). Hydraulic conductance of D roots was higher than that of M roots when Kroot was scaled by root DW, in agreemen…
Electrochemical Interfaces: At the Border Line
2002
The sections in this article are Introduction Basic Concepts Thermodynamics of Electrified Interfaces Classical Models of Electrified Interfaces Helmholtz Model Gouy–Chapman–Stern–Grahame Model Diffuse and Compact Layer Properties Grahame Model in Comparison with Capacitance Data for Liquid Electrodes Compact Layer Properties Manifestations of the Diffuse Layer in Kinetics of Electrode Reactions Electrokinetic Phenomena Solid Electrodes: Effects of Polycrystallinity and Surface Roughness “Uniform” Model of Solid Electrodes. Surface Roughness Crystallographic Inhomogeneity Effects for Solid Electrode Surfaces EDL Structure for NonUniform Electrode Surfaces Surface Roughness Effect on the Dif…
Identification of new P-glycoprotein inhibitors derived from cardiotonic steroids
2014
P-glycoprotein (ABCB1, MDR1) is capable of extruding chemotherapeutics outside the cell and its overexpression in certain cancer cells may cause failure of chemotherapy. Many attempts were carried out to identify potent inhibitors of this transporter and numerous compounds were shown to exert inhibitory effects in vitro, but so far none were able to make their way to the clinic due to serious complications. Natural compounds represent a great source of therapeutics, which are believed to be safe and effective. Therefore, we have screened a large library of naturally occurring cardiotonic steroids and their derivatives using high throughput flow cytometry. We were able to identify six compou…
Mating-induced differential peptidomics of neuropeptides and protein hormones in Agrotis ipsilon moths
2018
International audience; In many insects, mating induces drastic changes in male and female responses to sex pheromones or host-plant odors. In the male moth Agrotis ipsilon, mating induces a transient inhibition of behavioral and neuronal responses to the female sex pheromone. As neuropeptides and peptide hormones regulate most behavioral processes, we hypothesize that they could be involved in this mating-dependent olfactory plasticity. Here we used next-generation RNA sequencing and a combination of liquid chromatography, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and direct tissue profiling to analyze the transcriptome and peptidome of diffe…
The Impact of Environmental Conditions on Efficiency of Host Plant DNA Barcoding for Polyphagous Beetles.
2015
Recently, several papers were published dealing with host plant identification for selected species of insects, including beetles. These studies took advantage of the DNA barcoding approach and generally showed that it is possible to identify diet composition from plant DNA present in insect guts. However, none of these studies considered how the impact of environmental conditions affected the likelihood of insect feeding and, therefore, the presence of host plant DNA that could be amplified and sequenced. In the present study, individuals of the polyphagous weevil Centricnemus leucogrammus (Germar, 1824) (Curculionidae: Entiminae) were used to test the hypothesis that harsh environmental c…