Search results for "ROV"
showing 10 items of 5770 documents
Cancer-associated fibroblasts as abettors of tumor progression at the crossroads of EMT and therapy resistance
2019
Abstract In the last decades, the role of the microenvironment in tumor progression and therapeutic outcome has gained increasing attention. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have emerged as key players among stromal cells, owing to their abundance in most solid tumors and their diverse tumor-restraining/promoting roles. The interplay between tumor cells and neighboring CAFs takes place by both paracrine signals (cytokines, exosomes and metabolites) or by the multifaceted functions of the surrounding extracellular matrix. Here, we dissect the most recent identified mechanisms underlying CAF-mediated control of tumor progression and therapy resistance, which include induction of the epith…
Differential distribution and enrichment of non-coding RNAs in exosomes from normal and Cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer.
2018
Exosome production from cancer-associated fibroblasts seems to be an important driver of tumor progression. We report the first in-depth biotype characterization of ncRNAs, analyzed by Next Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics, expressed in established primary human normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from cancer and normal mucosa tissues from 9 colorectal cancer patients, and/or packaged in their derived exosomes. Differential representation and enrichment analyses based on these ncRNAs revealed a significant number of differences between the ncRNA content of exosomes and the expression patterns of the normal and cancer-associated fibroblast cells. ncRNA regulatory elements…
Tissue Factor-Expressing Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Activate Quiescent Endothelial Cells via Protease-Activated Receptor-1
2017
Tissue factor (TF)-expressing tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can promote metastasis and pre-metastatic niche formation, but the mechanisms by which this occurs remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that generation of activated factor X (FXa) by TF expressed on tumor-derived EV could activate protease-activated receptors (PARs) on non-activated endothelial cells to induce a pro-adhesive and pro-inflammatory phenotype. We obtained EV from TF-expressing breast (MDA-MB-231) and pancreatic (BxPC3 and Capan-1) tumor cell lines. We measured expression of E-selectin and secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells after exposure to EV and various immunol…
Improved display of synthetic IgG-binding domains on the baculovirus surface.
2004
Improved display of foreign protein moieties in combination with beneficial alteration of the viral surface properties should be of value for targeted and enhanced gene delivery. Here, we describe a vector based on Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) displaying synthetic IgG-binding domains (ZZ) of protein A fused to the transmembrane anchor of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G protein. This display vector was equipped with a GFP/EGFP expression cassette enabling fluorescent detection in both insect and mammalian cells. The virus construct displayed the biologically active fusion protein efficiently and showed increased binding capacity to IgG. As the display is …
Alkaline phosphatase dual-binding sites for collagen dictate cell migration and microvessel assembly in vitro
2020
Interactions between cell types, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components involved in angiogenesis are crucial for new vessel formation leading to tissue regeneration. This study investigated whether cocultures of fibroblasts and endothelial cells (ECs; from macro- or microvasculature) play a role in the formation of microvessel-like structures by ECs, as well as modulate fibroblast differentiation and growth factors production (vascular endothelial cell growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, active transforming growth factor-beta 1, and interleukin-8), which are important for vessel sprouting and maturation. Data obtained revealed that in vitro coculture systems of fibro…
Exosomes derived from stimulated monocytes promote endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in vitro
2017
During the last few years, the scientific community interest on the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in physiology and pathophysiology of several human diseases has increased exponentially (1). These vesicles present the capability of transferring different kind of molecules (lipids, RNAs, DNA, protein…) between cells and may exert some effects on the cell phenotype. The content of these vesicles can vary depending on the cell type of origin (2). Although nowadays there is no consensus regarding the appropriate nomenclature, three well-known types of vesicles can be categorized on the basis of size and biogenesis: apoptotic bodies (>1 µm), microvesicles (150 nm–1 µm, budding from plasma…
The HDAC6 Inhibitor tubacin induces release of CD133+ extracellular vesicles from cancer cells
2017
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as an important mode of intercellular communication, capable of transferring biologically active molecules that facilitate the malignant growth and metastatic process. CD133 (Prominin-1), a stem cell marker implicated in tumor initiation, differentiation and resistance to anti-cancer therapy, is reportedly associated with EVs in various types of cancer. However, little is known about the factors that regulate the release of these CD133+ EVs. Here, we report that the HDAC6 inhibitor tubacin promoted the extracellular release of CD133+ EVs from human FEMX-I metastatic melanoma and Caco-2 colorectal carcinoma cells, with a concomitant dow…
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Dicistroviridae
2017
Dicistroviridae is a family of small non-enveloped viruses with monopartite, linear, positive-sense RNA genomes of approximately 8–10 kb. Viruses of all classified species infect arthropod hosts, with some having devastating economic consequences, such as acute bee paralysis virus in domesticated honeybees and taura syndrome virus in shrimp farming. Conversely, the host specificity and other desirable traits exhibited by several members of this group make them potential natural enemies for intentional use against arthropod pests, such as triatoma virus against triatomine bugs that vector Chagas disease. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on…
The Potential of Serum Exosomal hsa_circ_0028861 as the Novel Diagnostic Biomarker of HBV-Derived Hepatocellular Cancer
2021
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is a serious threat to human health, especially in China. There is no highly sensitive and specific HCC biomarker at present, which makes it difficult to detect HCC at the early stage. Serum exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancers. In the present study, we aimed to explore the diagnostic performance of serum exosomal circRNAs for HBV-derived HCC screening. At first, many circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in the serum exosomes of HCC individuals by microarray analysis. The validation of dysregulated circRNAs by qRT-PCR revealed that serum exosomal…
Human Leukocyte Antigens Class II Alleles Affecting the Response to 5–7 Year Antiretroviral Therapy in A Latvian Cohort
2019
Abstract Antiretroviral therapy (ART) aims at suppressing viral replication and strengthening immune system in patients with HIV-1. Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) are among factors responsible for effectiveness of ART. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HLA Class II alleles on the response to long-time ART, assessed by a change in CD4+ T-cell count in relation to viral load. The sample included 69 patients (17 females and 52 males) aged 20 to 50 with HIV-1 infection, who were undergoing ART in the Latvian Centre of Infectious Diseases. The median period of observation was 5.7 years. CD4+ T-cell count and viral load were analysed at the baseline and end of the period of obs…