Search results for "RULE"
showing 10 items of 1403 documents
Intervento
2020
The article intends to give an account of the terms of the debate regarding the relationship between the CAP and competition, highlighting the tensions between the Commission and Parliament and the repercussions in legislative choices in a dimension that still seems unresolved today. The oscillations of the pendulum between PAC and Antitrust in the context of the regulation of the agri-food system seem to reappear also in the regulation of unfair commercial practices. It does not seem easy to propose a reading that is not necessarily dichotomous, which would like to make a dimension of commonality between the discipline of competition and the CAP prevail, although an awareness, even among j…
Parte III Capitolo II I fattori della produzione agricola
2023
this chapter describes the ownership rules relating to land as the productive basis of agricultural activity
Biofilm Related to Animal Health, Zoonosis and Food Transmitted Diseases: Alternative Targets for Antimicrobial Strategy?
2012
The biofilm is a complex community of microbial cells that are associated with a surface and enclosed in a self-produced biopolymer matrix. Such structured community is a response of bacteria to a signal system named quorum sensing (QS) constituted by inter-cell communication through the production of small molecules called autoinducers (AIs) that trigger a cascade of events in gene expression. When the concentration of the AIs molecules reach a certain threshold, the bacterial population acts as a single organism, collectively expressing virulence or biofilm forming genes. Gram-positive bacteria use modified oligopeptides as QS effectors molecules.
On the Influence of Grammars on Crossover in Grammatical Evolution
2021
Standard grammatical evolution (GE) uses a one-point crossover (“ripple crossover”) that exchanges codons between two genotypes. The two resulting genotypes are then mapped to their respective phenotypes using a Backus-Naur form grammar. This article studies how different types of grammars affect the resulting individuals of a ripple crossover. We distinguish different grammars based on the expected number of non-terminals chosen when mapping genotype codons to phenotypes, \(B_{avg}\). The grammars only differ in \(B_{avg}\) but can express the same phenotypes. We perform crossover operations on the genotypes and find that grammars with \(B_{avg} > 1\) lead to high numbers of either very sm…
Pathogenicity of live bacteria and extracellular products of motileAeromonasisolated from eels
1995
The pathogenic activities in vitro and in vivo of live bacteria and extracellular products (ECP) of 24 motile Aeromonas strains were investigated. Most Aer. hydrophila and Aer. jandaei isolates were pathogenic for eels (LD50 105·4‐107·6 cfu fish‐1) but no Aer. sobria, Aer. caviae and Aer. allosaccharophila caused mortality in eels at doses of > 108·4 cfu fish‐1. Of these Aeromonas strains, Aer. hydrophila and Aer. jandaei in particular produced elastases and haemolysins against fish erythrocytes. ECP from Aer. hydrophila and Aer. jandaei caused degenerative changes in fish cell lines and were strongly toxic for eels (LD50 1·0–3·2 μg (g fish)‐1) reproducing the symptoms associated with natur…
New Anti-Adhesion Agents In The Development of Antivirulence Drugs
2015
Gram-positive bacteria are a significant cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections associated with diseases of high morbidity and mortality. Moreover, antibiotic resistance of important Gram-positive pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis is one of the major worldwide health problems. Over the last decade, many studies have focused on agents that target the virulence of important pathogens without killing or inhibiting their growth therefore imposing limited selective pressure to promote the development and spread of resistance mechanisms [1]enterococci and streptococci, sortase A plays a critical role in Gram-positive bacter…
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives: as anticancer and antibiofilm agents, and preclinical invest…
2020
Introduction to the special issue: Beyond self-fashioning and freedom—bending, breaking, and adhering to rules in religious contexts
2023
Rules are a crucial part of much religious thought and practice. Their importance or insignificance, their strictness or laxness, and their rigidity or flexibility in the face of change are constant themes of debate, both within and outside religious communities. Yet they have arguably not been given the attention they deserve within recent anthropology. Since the rise of practice theory, rules have more often been considered something to look past in the search for agency. Where the new anthropology of ethics has addressed religious orthopraxy, it has largely been through the lens of the cultivation of virtuous self, or the ways in which moral rules may become especially salient in extrao…
The genotypes and virulence attributes of C. albicans isolates from oral leukoplakia
2021
Background There is a debate as to whether some types of oral leucoplakias (OL) are caused by Candida species, and whether they contribute to the malignant transformation, associated with a minority of such lesions. As no detailed population analysis of yeast isolates from OL is available, we evaluated the virulence attributes, and genotypes of 35 C. albicans from OL, and compared their genotypes with 18 oral isolates from healthy individuals. Material and Methods The virulence traits evaluated were esterase, phospholipase, proteinase, haemolysin and coagulase production, and phenotypic switching activity, and yeast adherence and biofilm formation. DNA from OL and control yeasts were evalua…
Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 25 maja 2022 r., sygn. akt III OSK 2273/21
2023
Glosowany wyrok dotyczy dwóch istotnych zagadnień związanych ze stosowaniem przez jednostki organizacyjne Kościoła katolickiego na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej auto- nomicznych, szczegółowych zasad ochrony osób fizycznych w związku z przetwarzaniem ich danych. Pierwsze odnosi się do możliwości dalszego stosowania tychże autonomicznych, szczegółowych zasad po wejściu w życie RODO. Drugie – zdolności powołania i statusu niezależnego odrębnego organu nadzorczego – Kościelnego Inspektora Ochrony Danych. Aprobując stanowisko zawarte w wyroku NSA, w glosie przedstawiono argumenty przemawiające za tym, że w momencie wejścia w życie RODO w Kościele katolickim istniała regulacja dotyczącą pr…