Search results for "Radiation"
showing 10 items of 5298 documents
Optical properties of natural topaz
2013
The results of investigation of infrared, Raman and UV-Visible absorption spectra of natural topaz crystals from Ukraine before and after fast neutron irradiation are presented. We assume that the ~ 620 nm band in topaz crystals is associated with the presence of Cr 3+ , Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ impurities. The broad band with maxima at 650 cm -1 observed in Raman spectra for topaz irradiated by fast neutrons may be connected with lattice disorder. Exchange interaction between radiation defect and impurity ions during neutron irradiation leads to appearance of additional absorption band in UV-VIS spectra and bands broadening in infrared and Raman spectra of investigated crystals.
In-situ observation of beta-ray induced UV optical absorption in a-SiO2: radiation darkening and room temperature recovery
2006
International audience; We studied the optical absorption in the 3.0-6.2 eV range induced in bulk amorphous SiO2 by beta-ray irradiation up to similar to 1 MGy at room temperature. The induced absorption was measured in situ both during irradiation and in the post irradiation time. Our data evidence E', center as the main defect induced by irradiation and the partial decay of their absorption band at about 5.8 eV after irradiation. A quantitative analysis of the time evolution of the induced absorption shows that the transmission recovery observed after irradiation is compatible with the reaction of radiation-induced defects with H-related (H-2, H2O) species diffusing in the amorphous matrix
Intrinsic absorption threshold of stishovite and coesite
2004
Abstract The optical absorption spectra of the small mono-crystals samples of stishovite and coesite were studied at first. The intrinsic absorption threshold of stishovite is determined at 8.75 eV, being probably, highest in the family of different crystalline polymorph modifications of silicon dioxide. The absorption spectrum of stishovite is independent of temperature (studied in the range 290–450 K). The intrinsic absorption threshold of coesite mono-crystal situated near 8.6 eV at 293 K, coincides within experimental errors with that of α-quartz crystal, and depends on temperature, as used to be for the tetrahedron structured silicon dioxide crystalline modifications. A broad absorptio…
Analysis of the U L3-edge X-ray absorption spectra in UO2 using molecular dynamics simulations
2017
This work was supported by a grant from the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) under the project ID s444. The resource allocation within the PSI share at CSCS and on the PSI compute cluster Merlin4 is also acknowledged. D. B. is grateful for a fellowship within the Sciex-NMS programme. A. K. was supported by Latvian Science Council Grant no. 187/2012.
Ag11(SG)7 : A New Cluster Identified by Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy
2014
We report a one-step and high yield synthesis of a red-luminescent silver cluster with the molecular formula, Ag11(SG)7 (SG: glutathionate) via reduction of silver ions by sodium borohydride in the presence of the tripeptide, glutathione (GSH). The as-prepared cluster shows prominent absorption features at 485 and 625 nm in its UV-vis absorption spectrum. Aging of the as-prepared cluster solution led to the disappearance of the 625 nm peak, followed by broadening of the 485 nm peak to give three maxima at ?487, 437, and 393 nm in its absorption spectrum. These peaks remain unchanged even after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), where a single band was observed confirming high purity…
Neutron-induced defects in F-doped fibers
2014
We present a study on 0.8 MeV neutron-induced defects up to fluences of 1017 n/cm² in fluorine doped fibers by using electron paramagnetic resonance, optical absorption and confocal micro-luminescence techniques. Our results allow to address the microscopic mechanisms leading to the generation of some Silica-related point-defects such as E’, H(I), POR and NBOH Centers.
Optical absorption of divalent metal tungstates: Correlation between the band-gap energy and the cation ionic radius
2008
We have carried out optical-absorption and reflectance measurements at room temperature in single crystals of AWO4 tungstates (A = Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sr, and Zn). From the experimental results their band-gap energy has been determined to be 5.26 eV (BaWO4), 5.08 eV (SrWO4), 4.94 eV (CaWO4), 4.15 eV (CdWO4), 3.9-4.4 eV (ZnWO4), 3.8-4.2 eV (PbWO4), and 2.3 eV (CuWO4). The results are discussed in terms of the electronic structure of the studied tungstates. It has been found that those compounds where only the s electron states of the A2+ cation hybridize with the O 2p and W 5d states (e.g BaWO4) have larger band-gap energies than those where also p, d, and f states of the A2+ cation contribu…
Fast photon detection for particle identification with COMPASS RICH-1
2006
Particle identification at high rates is an important challenge for many current and future high-energy physics experiments. The upgrade of the COMPASS RICH-1 detector requires a new technique for Cherenkov photon detection at count rates of several $10^6$ per channel in the central detector region, and a read-out system allowing for trigger rates of up to 100 kHz. To cope with these requirements, the photon detectors in the central region have been replaced with the detection system described in this paper. In the peripheral regions, the existing multi-wire proportional chambers with CsI photocathode are now read out via a new system employing APV pre-amplifiers and flash ADC chips. The ne…
Transition-Edge Sensors for Particle Induced X-ray Emission Measurements
2013
In this paper we present a new measurement setup, where a transitionedge sensor detector array is used to detect X-rays in particle induced X-ray emission measurements with a 2 MeV proton beam. Transition-edge sensors offer orders of magnitude improvement in energy resolution compared to conventional silicon or germanium detectors, making it possible to recognize spectral lines in materials analysis that have previously been impossible to resolve, and to get chemical information from the elements. Our sensors are cooled to the operation temperature (65 mK) with a cryogen-free adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator, which houses a specially designed X-ray snout that has a vacuum tight window…
Radiation from multi-GeV electrons and positrons in periodically bent silicon crystal
2014
A periodically bent Si crystal is shown to efficiently serve for producing highly monochromatic radiation in a gamma-ray energy spectral range. A short-period small-amplitude bending yields narrow undulator-type spectral peaks in radiation from multi-GeV electrons and positrons channeling through the crystal. Benchmark theoretical results on the undulator are obtained by simulations of the channeling with a full atomistic approach to the projectile-crystal interactions over the macroscopic propagation distances. The simulations are facilitated by employing the MBN Explorer package for molecular dynamics calculations on the meso-, bio- and nano-scales. The radiation from the ultra-relativist…