Search results for "Radiation"

showing 10 items of 5298 documents

Effect of Mechanoactivation on Interfacial Interaction in Metal/Oxide Systems

2006

Properties of interfaces in solid state metal/oxide joints (Al/SiO2, Al/MgO, Al/glass, Mg/MgO, Mg/SiO2, In/glass etc.) are reported. The interfaces were formed by plastic deformation of metal on the oxide surface at room temperature. Their structure, chemical composition, and micromechanical properties were studied by the AFM, XRD, SIMS, optical microscopy, and precision microindentation techniques. A noticeable adhesion was observed for metals with high affinity for oxygen and only in the regions of the maximum shear stress. Formation of an interfacial reaction zone with an oxygen concentration gradient is detected. In this zone metals are nanostructured and noticeably hardened. The effect…

RadiationMaterials scienceNanostructureMetallurgyOxidechemistry.chemical_elementAdhesionCondensed Matter PhysicsOxygenlaw.inventionMetalchemistry.chemical_compoundOptical microscopechemistryChemical engineeringlawvisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_mediumGeneral Materials ScienceLimiting oxygen concentrationChemical compositionDefect and Diffusion Forum
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Multicolor photon emission from organic thin films on different substrates

2016

Abstract Thin films of 1-pentyl-2 / ,3 / -difluoro-3 /// -methyl-4 //// -octyl- p -quinquephenyl and 9,10-Bis (4-pentylphenylethynyl)antracene organic molecules were grown on optical glass, silicon and porous silicon substrates. First optical and luminescent properties of such hybrid composites are thoroughly studied using spectroscopic techniques. The strong decrease of aggregation in thin films of 1-pentyl-2 / ,3 / -difluoro-3 /// -methyl-4 //// -octyl- p -quinquephenyl on porous silicon was observed. The possibility of simultaneous red, green and blue tunable photon emission from organic film/porous silicon hybrid structure is demonstrated.

RadiationMaterials scienceOptical glassSiliconbusiness.industrychemistry.chemical_element02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyPorous silicon01 natural sciences0104 chemical sciencesOrganic moleculesOrganic filmPhoton emissionchemistryOptoelectronicsThin film0210 nano-technologybusinessLuminescenceInstrumentationRadiation Measurements
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Stimulated luminescence of AlN ceramics induced by ultraviolet radiation

2001

Abstract Properties of thermally stimulated luminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of the ceramic material AlN-Y 2 O 3 have been studied after exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The dosemeter material Al 2 O 3 : C has been used for comparative measurements. The spectral sensitivity of the samples has been studied and compared with spectral effectiveness of the UVR-induced biological processes. It has been shown that a very high yield and linear dose response characterise the UVR-induced TL from AlN-Y 2 O 3 . Although lower than the TL, the OSL signal from UV-exposed AlN-Y 2 O 3 is still higher than that of Al 2 O 3  : C in a broad spectral region. The possibilit…

RadiationMaterials scienceOptically stimulated luminescencebusiness.industryAnalytical chemistryThermoluminescenceSpectral sensitivityvisual_artYield (chemistry)visual_art.visual_art_mediumOptoelectronicsDosimetryCeramicIrradiationbusinessLuminescenceInstrumentationRadiation Measurements
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Localised transitions in luminescence of AlN ceramics

2014

Abstract The photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) properties of AlN ceramics revealed under UV irradiation are determined mainly by oxygen-related centres, giving rise to the UV (around 3.18 eV) and the Blue (2.58 eV) bands. It was found that the UV irradiation-generated donor–acceptor pairs (DAPs), responsible for the UV emission band, are randomly distributed with regard to separation distance. Luminescence properties of AlN are interpreted basing on the model of localised recombination involving electron tunnel transitions from the excited state of D to the ground state of A, proposed by Jain et al. (2012) . The observed features of PL, afterglow and TL of AlN ceramics are …

RadiationMaterials sciencePhotoluminescenceExcited stateIrradiationAtomic physicsGround stateLuminescenceInstrumentationThermoluminescenceQuantum tunnellingAfterglowRadiation Measurements
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Radiation induced luminescence processes in c-BN

2004

Abstract Spectral properties of cubic boron nitride have been studied using methods of photoluminescence (PL), X-ray excited luminescence (XL), thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence. It is found that emission of cubic boron nitride is presented by 4 subbands, their relative yield is determined by the excitation type: blue, green (dominant) and red bands are observed in PL, ultraviolet, blue (dominant), green and red bands—in XL. Three thermal peaks are found in TL curves in the 0–700°C temperature range, their presence and intensity depend on radiation type used. A tentative correspondence between thermal peaks and emission bands is found.

RadiationMaterials sciencePhotoluminescenceOptically stimulated luminescencebusiness.industryAnalytical chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementNitrideThermoluminescencechemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryBoron nitrideExcited stateOptoelectronicsbusinessLuminescenceBoronInstrumentationRadiation Measurements
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Radiation defects in Ce3+-activated fluorobromozirconate glass-ceramic X-ray storage phosphors

2004

Abstract We report on a photostimulated luminescence (PSL) effect in Ce-doped fluorobromozirconate glasses. Small hexagonal or orthorhombic BaBr2 crystallites are formed in the glass upon annealing. The PSL shows a (381,415) nm doublet which is due to the 5d–4f luminescence of Ce3+ in the orthorhombic BaBr2 crystallites embedded in the glass matrix. The stimulation band of the PSL peaking at 580 nm is probably due to perturbed F centres in the crystallites. After X-irradiation the magnetic circular dichroism of the optical absorption showed a broad band in the spectral range between 440 and 800 nm , having a derivative-like line shape centred at about 600 nm . The spectrum consists of two o…

RadiationMaterials sciencePhotoluminescencebusiness.industryMagnetic circular dichroismPhotostimulated luminescenceAnalytical chemistryPhosphorDichroismOpticsOrthorhombic crystal systemCrystalliteLuminescencebusinessInstrumentationRadiation Measurements
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Watch glasses exposed to 6 MV photons and 10 MeV electrons analysed by means of ESR technique: A preliminary study

2011

Abstract In this work we report a case study of the ESR response of watch glasses exposed to 6 MV photons and to 10 MeV electrons. The choice of watch glasses is justified by the fact that watch glasses are very close to the exposed individual. For both types of radiation beams, the absorbed doses belong to the range between 1 and 20 Gy. The samples have been irradiated in water-equivalent plastic phantom with a linear accelerator used for radiotherapy. After exposure watch glass samples have been cut in small strip-shaped pieces with suitable size to be put into the quartz tube for ESR measurements. The signal induced by radiation (RIS) lies in the g ∼ 2 region and must be discriminated fr…

RadiationMaterials sciencePhotonRadiochemistryRadiationLinear particle acceleratorIonizing radiationAbsorbed doseDosimetryESR dosimetry watch glassIrradiationWatch glassAtomic physicsInstrumentation
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Transition probabilities of PrII-lines emitted from a ferroelectric plasma source

1991

Abstract An argon-praseodymium plasma was generated under atmospheric pressure between a ceramic ferroelectric plate and a praseodymium plate. The system of plates was connected to an acoustic frequency supply. The plasma radiation was analyzed in the spectral range from 2000 to 7000 A by using a grating spectrograph with a linear dispersion near 1 mm/A, adopted to photoelectric measurements. The emission spectrum of praseodymium was recorded and the intensities of a few hundred lines were measured. Transition probabilities were determined for 62PrII-lines, using available lifetime data for excited levels and measured branching ratios of the corresponding lines. Reasonable agreement has bee…

RadiationMaterials sciencePraseodymiumchemistry.chemical_elementPlasmaPhotoelectric effectFerroelectricityAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsMolecular electronic transitionSpectral linechemistryExcited stateEmission spectrumAtomic physicsSpectroscopyJournal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer
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The influence of the processing temperature on gamma curing of epoxy resins for the production of advanced composites

2007

Abstract Gamma radiation curing of an epoxy monomer, in the presence of an iodonium salt, as initiator, is studied. Systems have been polymerized at the same irradiation dose and dose rate and at different processing temperatures. The experimental results show that all the irradiated materials exhibit a latent reactivity, undergoing toward an increase of crosslinking density if they are thermally cured after irradiation. The results indicate that the processing temperature affects both the crosslinking density after irradiation and the sensibility to the post-irradiation thermal treatment.

RadiationMaterials scienceProcessing temperaturetechnology industry and agricultureRadiation curingmacromolecular substancesEpoxyThermal treatmentchemistry.chemical_compoundMonomerchemistryPolymerizationChemical engineeringvisual_artAdvanced composite materialsPolymer chemistryvisual_art.visual_art_mediumEpoxy resinIrradiationDose rateCuring (chemistry)
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Glow Rate Technique for Spectroscopy of Complex Thermostimulated Relaxation Processes

1996

The glow rate technique (GRT) developed for the analysis of complex trap spectra, is the extension of the known heating rate method to the full glow curve. It is shown that using two glow curves measured at different heating rate constants, a special mean activation energy of simultaneously emptied traps can be obtained as a function of temperature or emitted light sum to a good approximation. Expressions have been derived for the calculation of the mean activation energy function from data measured using a linear, logarithmic or a hyperbolic heating mode. Theoretical expressions for the mean activation energy function have been obtained and discussed for arbitrary trap distribution functio…

RadiationMaterials scienceRadiological and Ultrasound TechnologyLogarithmPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthGeneral MedicineActivation energySpectral lineReaction rate constantDistribution functionCurve fittingRelaxation (physics)Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingAtomic physicsSpectroscopyRadiation Protection Dosimetry
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