Search results for "Ray"

showing 10 items of 8009 documents

Calibration of the underground muon detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

2021

To obtain direct measurements of the muon content of extensive air showers with energy above $10^{16.5}$ eV, the Pierre Auger Observatory is currently being equipped with an underground muon detector (UMD), consisting of 219 10 $\mathrm{m^2}$-modules, each segmented into 64 scintillators coupled to silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). Direct access to the shower muon content allows for the study of both of the composition of primary cosmic rays and of high-energy hadronic interactions in the forward direction. As the muon density can vary between tens of muons per m$^2$ close to the intersection of the shower axis with the ground to much less than one per m$^2$ when far away, the necessary bro…

muon: showersdata acquisitionPhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsAstronomyDetector alignment and calibration methods (lasers sources particle-beams)primary [cosmic radiation]Particle detectors7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesEtc)030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging0302 clinical medicinecalibration [detector]ObservatoryAPDsdetector: calibrationatmosphere [muon]InstrumentationPhoton detectors for UVshowers [muon]Mathematical PhysicsPhoton detectors for UV visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes APDsSi-PMTs G-APDs CCDs EBCCDs EMCCDs CMOS imagers etc)Particle-beams)Physicsenergy: highdetector [muon]EBCCDsPhysicselectronicsSettore FIS/01 - Fisica SperimentalePhoton detectors for UV visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes APDs Si-PMTs G-APDs CCDs EBCCDs EMCCDs CMOS imagers etc)Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for AstrophysicsSourcesSi-PMTsdetector: alignmentAugermuon: atmosphereobservatorydensity [muon]G-APDshigh [energy]Particle detectorAstrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysicsatmosphere [showers]Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers sourcesparticle-beams)FOS: Physical sciencesCosmic rayScintillatorParticle detectorVisible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes03 medical and health sciencesOpticsSilicon photomultipliermuon: density0103 physical sciencesCalibrationddc:530photomultiplier: silicon[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]ddc:610High Energy PhysicsCMOS imagersInstrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)scintillation counterParticle detectors; Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers sources particle-beams); Photon detectors for UV visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes APDs Si-PMTs G-APDs CCDs EBCCDs EMCCDs CMOS imagers etc); Performance of High Energy Physics DetectorsPierre Auger ObservatoryMuonshowers: atmosphere010308 nuclear & particles physicsbusiness.industrymuon: detectorCCDscosmic radiation: primaryDetector alignment and calibration methods (lasersEMCCDsanalog-to-digital converterAPDs; CCDs; CMOS imagers; Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers; EBCCDs; EMCCDs; Etc); G-APDs; Particle detectors; Particle-beams); Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors; Photon detectors for UV; Si-PMTs; Sources; Visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodesExperimental High Energy Physicssilicon [photomultiplier]Performance of High Energy Physics DetectorsHigh Energy Physics::Experimentphoton: detectorbusinessalignment [detector]RAIOS CÓSMICOSdetector [photon]astro-ph.IM
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The assessment of skeletal status in young patients with Turner syndrome by 2 densitometric techniques: Phalangeal quantitative ultrasound and dual e…

2018

Background. Studies using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) demonstrate a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents with Turner syndrome (TS). However, these studies do not take into account changes in bone size, which influence BMD in the case of short-statured patients. Phalangeal quantitative ultrasound (phQUS) measurements have shown an ability to reveal changes due to skeletal growth, aging, and bone and mineral disorders. There is limited data on bone mineral status in girls with TS assessed by 2 different techniques, i.e., DXA and phQUS. Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential negative impact of TS on bone status and to assess…

musculoskeletal diseases0301 basic medicineAdolescentmedicine.medical_treatmentMedicine (miscellaneous)Turner Syndromedual energy X-ray absorptiometry030209 endocrinology & metabolismGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyBone and Bones03 medical and health sciencesFinger PhalangesFractures Bonequantitative ultrasound0302 clinical medicineAbsorptiometry PhotonBone DensityTurner syndromeInternal MedicinemedicinePrevalenceHumansPharmacology (medical)Reference populationChildGenetics (clinical)Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometryReduction (orthopedic surgery)UltrasonographyBone mineralmedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryfracturesmedicine.diseaseQuantitative ultrasound030104 developmental biologyNormal boneChild PreschoolReviews and References (medical)Lumbar spineFemalebusinessNuclear medicineAdvances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University
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Assessment of the tibia using ultrasonic guided waves in pubertal girls

2002

The purpose of this study was to compare low frequency ultrasonic guided wave measurements with established ultrasound and bone density measurements in terms of their ability to characterize the tibia in pubertal girls. Subjects were 12-14-year-old girls ( n=106) who were participating in a calcium and vitamin D intervention study. A prototype low frequency pulse transmission device consisting of a uniaxial scanning mechanism and low frequency transducers orientated perpendicularly to the limb was used to measure two ultrasound velocities in the tibia. The first velocity, V1, was that of the first arriving signal, similar to that measured by existing commercial tibial ultrasound devices. Th…

musculoskeletal diseasesAdolescentBone densityEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismOsteoporosisBone DensitymedicineHumansUltrasonicsTibiaChildGuided wave testingTibiabusiness.industryBody WeightPubertyUltrasoundAnatomymusculoskeletal systemmedicine.diseaseBody HeightCalcaneusRadiusmedicine.anatomical_structureRegression AnalysisFemaleCortical boneUltrasonic sensorCalcaneusTomography X-Ray ComputedbusinessBiomedical engineeringOsteoporosis International
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Detection of bifid mandibular condyle using computed tomography

2011

Objective: To determine the frequency and characteristics of bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) using computed tomography (CT) evaluation. Study Design: A retrospective study was carried out using the CT records of 550 patients referred to the Medical School of Erciyes University (Kayseri, Turkey) between 2007 and 2010. T-tests were used to compare frequency of BMC between the left and right sides and between female and male patients. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and a chi-squared test. Results: Of the 550 Patients, 10 patients (1.82%) were found to have BMCs. Five patients were female (50%) and five were male (50%). Of these 10 patients, 7 (70%) had unilateral and 3 (…

musculoskeletal diseasesAdultMaleTurkish populationAdolescentDentistryComputed tomographyOdontologíaCondyleYoung Adultstomatognathic systemmedicineHumansStatistical analysisChildGeneral DentistryAgedRetrospective StudiesAged 80 and overOral Medicine and Pathologymedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryMedical schoolMandibular CondyleRetrospective cohort studyMiddle Agedmusculoskeletal system:CIENCIAS MÉDICAS [UNESCO]Ciencias de la saludhumanitiesstomatognathic diseasesOtorhinolaryngologyMale patientUNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICASSurgeryFemaleResearch-ArticleNuclear medicinebusinessTomography X-Ray ComputedBifid mandibular condyle
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Effect of lumbar disc replacement on the height of the disc space and the geometry of the facet joints: a cadaver study.

2010

In a study on ten fresh human cadavers we examined the change in the height of the intervertebral disc space, the angle of lordosis and the geometry of the facet joints after insertion of intervertebral total disc replacements. SB III Charité prostheses were inserted at L3-4, L4-5, and L5-S1. The changes studied were measured using computer navigation sofware applied to CT scans before and after instrumentation. After disc replacement the mean lumbar disc height was doubled (p < 0.001). The mean angle of lordosis and the facet joint space increased by a statistically significant extent (p < 0.005 and p = 0.006, respectively). By contrast, the mean facet joint overlap was significantl…

musculoskeletal diseasesAdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtyFacet (geometry)LordosisGeometryZygapophyseal JointFacet jointLumbar discCadaverMedicineHumansOrthopedics and Sports MedicineArthroplasty ReplacementArthrographyIntervertebral DiscAgedAged 80 and overLumbar Vertebraebusiness.industryIntervertebral discAnatomyProstheses and ImplantsMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseIntervertebral diskmedicine.anatomical_structureOrthopedic surgeryLordosisSurgeryFemaleStress MechanicalbusinessTomography X-Ray ComputedThe Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume
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Parosteal osteosarcoma of the talus.

1995

A case of parosteal osteosarcoma in the very rare location of the talus is presented. The radiological, pathological, and clinical characteristics of parosteal osteosarcoma are described and the differential diagnosis discussed.

musculoskeletal diseasesAdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtyPathologyBone NeoplasmsParosteal osteosarcomaLower limbTalusDiagnosis DifferentialmedicineHumansRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingneoplasmsTomographybusiness.industrymusculoskeletal systemmedicine.diseaseOsteosarcoma JuxtacorticalMagnetic Resonance ImagingOsteosarcomaRadiologyDifferential diagnosisNeoplasm Recurrence LocalbusinessTomography X-Ray ComputedFollow-Up StudiesSkeletal radiology
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Manometric assessment of oesophageal involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis, morphoea and Raynaud's disease.

1982

SUMMARY Oesophageal function was studied by radiography and manometry in fifty-one patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), fourteen patients with morphoea, twelve patients with Raynaud's disease and twenty-one normal subjects. Upper oesophageal sphincter pressure was not affected. Peristaltic contractions of the upper third of the oesophagus were significantly decreased in PSS and morphoea, but the lower two-thirds were affected only in PSS. Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was significantly decreased in PSS but was normal in morphoea and Raynaud's disease. There was a significant correlation between oesophageal dysfunction and the duration of PSS. Manometry was better than …

musculoskeletal diseasesAdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtyTime FactorsOesophageal manometryAdolescentManometryRadiographyDermatologySkin DiseasesScleroderma LocalizedEsophagusstomatognathic systemLower oesophageal sphincter pressurePressureMedicineUpper oesophageal sphincter pressureHumansAgedScleroderma Systemicbusiness.industryProgressive systemic sclerosisRaynaud DiseaseMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseeye diseasesRadiographystomatognathic diseasesRaynaud's diseaseFemaleUpper thirdRadiologyOesophageal functionbusinessThe British journal of dermatology
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Monitoring bone growth using quantitative ultrasound in comparison with DXA and pQCT.

2008

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a safe, inexpensive, and nonradiation method for bone density assessment. QUS correlates with, and predicts fragility fractures comparable to, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. However, its validity in monitoring bone growth in children is not well understood. Two hundred and fifty-eight 10-13 yr pubertal girls and 9 37-43 yr adults without diseases or history of medications known to affect bone metabolism were included in the 2-yr prospective study. Calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (cBUA) was assessed using QUS-2 (Quidel, Santa Clara, CA), speed of sound of tibial shaft (tSOS) using …

musculoskeletal diseasesAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyBone densityAdolescentEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismBone remodelingFractures BoneAbsorptiometry PhotonBone DensityMedicineHumansRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingOrthopedics and Sports MedicineProspective StudiesQuantitative computed tomographyProspective cohort studyChildFemoral neckUltrasonographyBone growthBone mineralmedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryReproducibility of ResultsConcordance correlation coefficientmedicine.anatomical_structureFemaleRadiologybusinessNuclear medicineTomography X-Ray ComputedJournal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry
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Hyperplastic callus formation in osteogenesis imperfecta: CT and MRI findings.

1998

Hyperplastic callus formation is a noteworthy condition in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta because it often mimicks osteosarcoma on radiography. The findings of CT and MRI in hyperplastic callus formation have not been reported. In the presented case, MRI demonstrated contrast enhancement and edema of the surrounding soft tisssue, consistent with benign as well as malignant disease. Computed tomography showed a calcified rim of the lesion which may be a useful feature to rule out osteosarcoma in this condition.

musculoskeletal diseasesAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyRadiographyBone NeoplasmsLesionDiagnosis DifferentialEdemamedicineHyperplastic callus formationHumansRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingBony CallusNeuroradiologyOsteosarcomaHyperplasiamedicine.diagnostic_testTibiabusiness.industryMagnetic resonance imagingGeneral MedicineOsteogenesis Imperfectamedicine.diseaseMagnetic Resonance ImagingOsteogenesis imperfectaFibulaOsteosarcomaFemaleRadiologymedicine.symptombusinessTomography X-Ray ComputedEuropean radiology
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Maxillary bone lesions in McCune-Albright syndrome:a case report

2011

Abstract Objectives In this study, we report on the clinical maxillary manifestations of a patient affected by McCune-Albright syndrome and the implications for orthodontic therapy. Materials and methods A male, 8-year-old patient was examined at the Department of Orthodontics of the University of L’Aquila for a problem of anterior open-bite. In the clinical examination, a small swelling of the left hemi-maxilla was seen in the area corresponding to the root apex of 16 and under the tooth buds of 14 and 15. In a panoramic radiograph, a radio-opaque area was detected in this zone. From the computer tomography examination, a bone lesion was identified. Results Identification of this bone lesi…

musculoskeletal diseasesMalemedicine.medical_specialtyPanoramic radiographOrthodonticsPhysical examinationFibrous Dysplasia PolyostoticMcCune–Albright syndromemedicineParanasal Sinus DiseasesHumansCraniofacialRadiation treatment planningChildMaxillary bone lesions McCune-Albright syndromemedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryPatient affectedFibrous dysplasiaOpen Bitemedicine.diseaseMaxillary DiseasesSurgeryBone lesionRadiologybusinessTomography X-Ray Computed
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