Search results for "Receptor"
showing 10 items of 6990 documents
Dopamine agonists in schizophrenia: a review.
1995
Although it is unlikely that the different types of course and severity of schizophrenia are caused by one neurochemical abnormality alone, indirect pharmacological evidence still suggests a relative excess of dopaminergic activity being implicated in the pathogenesis of most of the schizophrenic symptoms, e.g. positive symptomatology. Synthesis and release of dopamine as well as firing rates of dopaminergic neurons are controlled by stimulation of autoreceptors via a negative feedback regulation. Investigations on therapeutic effects of autoreceptor-nonselective dopamine agonists in schizophrenia have yielded inconsistent results. Dopamine autoreceptor agonists like pramipexole, roxindole,…
Changes in the Expression of Tachykinin Receptors in the Rat Uterus During the Course of Pregnancy1
2001
In the mammalian female reproductive tract, tachykinin neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP), are localized to a population of sensory fibers and their precise physiological role is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to characterize the population of tachykinin receptors in the pregnant rat uterus and to assess their regulation during the course of pregnancy and after delivery. The expression of the tachykinin NK(1) receptor (NK(1)R), the tachykinin NK(2) receptor (NK(2)R), and the tachykinin NK(3) receptor (NK(3)R) in uteri from rats at different stages of pregnancy and on Day 1 postpartum was investigated by using a semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain re…
Statins stimulate the production of a soluble form of the receptor for advanced glycation end products
2013
The beneficial effects of statin therapy in the reduction of cardiovascular pathogenesis, atherosclerosis, and diabetic complications are well known. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays an important role in the progression of these diseases. In contrast, soluble forms of RAGE act as decoys for RAGE ligands and may prevent the development of RAGE-mediated disorders. Soluble forms of RAGE are either produced by alternative splicing [endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE)] or by proteolytic shedding mediated by metalloproteinases [shed RAGE (sRAGE)]. Therefore we analyzed whether statins influence the production of soluble RAGE. Lovastatin treatment of either mouse alveol…
Specific mutations of the RET proto-oncogene are related to disease phenotype in MEN 2A and FMTC.
1994
We have analysed 118 families with inherited medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) for mutations of the RET proto-oncogene. These included cases of multiple endocrine neoplasia types 2A (MEN 2A) and 2B (MEN 2B) and familial MTC (FMTC). Mutations at one of 5 cysteines in the extracellular domain were found in 97% of patients with MEN 2A and 86% with FMTC but not in MEN 2B patients or normal controls. 84% of the MEN2A mutations affected codon 634. MEN 2A patients with a Cys634 to Arg substitution had a greater risk of developing parathyroid disease than those with other codon 634 mutations. Our data show a strong correlation between disease phenotype and the nature and position of the RET mutatio…
Regulated Proteolysis of RAGE and AβPP as Possible Link Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease
2009
Epidemiological studies have linked type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). In T2DM, the elevated blood glucose level promotes formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The receptor for AGEs (RAGE) is a type I membrane-protein and is also able to import amyloid-beta (Abeta) from the blood across the blood-brain-barrier into the brain. Oligomeric Abeta peptides disturb synaptic function in the brain and are believed to contribute to the development of AD. Abeta peptides are released from the amyloid-beta protein precursor (AbetaPP) after sequential proteolysis by beta- and gamma-secretases but alpha-secretase-mediated cleavage…
Performance and Specificity of 6 Immunoassays for TSH Receptor Antibodies: A Multicenter Study
2017
Background: The measurement of TSH receptor (TSHR) antibodies is warranted for diagnosis of Graves’ disease (GD). Objective: The performance, detection sensitivity, and specificity of 6 TSHR immunoassays were compared. Methods: Two bioassays and 4 binding assays (Kronus, Immulite, Kryptor, Dynex) were compared in a dilution study performed in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Both bioassays were compared to 2 binding assays using stimulatory (M22) and blocking (K1–70) monoclonal antibody (MAb) mixtures. Results: Thirty samples from stimulatory (TSAb)-positive/blocking (TBAb)-negative patients with GD were diluted serially and measured in all assays. Samples were positive until dilut…
Control of Gastric Acid Secretion in Somatostatin Receptor 2 Deficient Mice: Shift from Endocrine/Paracrine to Neurocrine Pathways
2007
The gastrin-enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell-parietal cell axis is known to play an important role in the regulation of gastric acid secretion. Somatostatin, acting on somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2), interferes with this axis by suppressing the activity of the gastrin cells, ECL cells, and parietal cells. Surprisingly, however, freely fed SSTR2 knockout mice seem to display normal circulating gastrin concentration and unchanged acid output. In the present study, we compared the control of acid secretion in these mutant mice with that in wild-type mice. In SSTR2 knockout mice, the number of gastrin cells was unchanged; whereas the numbers of somatostatin cells were reduced in the antru…
Cortisol suppression and hearing thresholds in tinnitus after low-dose dexamethasone challenge
2012
Abstract Background Tinnitus is a frequent, debilitating hearing disorder associated with severe emotional and psychological suffering. Although a link between stress and tinnitus has been widely recognized, the empirical evidence is scant. Our aims were to test for dysregulation of the stress-related hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis in tinnitus and to examine ear sensitivity variations with cortisol manipulation. Methods Twenty-one tinnitus participants and 21 controls comparable in age, education, and overall health status but without tinnitus underwent basal cortisol assessments on three non-consecutive days and took 0.5 mg of dexamethasone (DEX) at 23:00 on the first day. Corti…
Oncostatin M, leukaemia-inhibitory factor and interleukin 6 trigger different effects on alpha1-proteinase inhibitor synthesis in human lung-derived …
1998
Interleukin 6 (IL-6), oncostatin M (OSM) and leukaemia-inhibitory factor (LIF) share a common signal-transducing subunit in each of their receptors and thus mediate an overlapping spectrum of biological activities. Although all of these cytokines stimulate the production of α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) in hepatocyte-derived cells, only OSM is able to up-regulate levels of this inhibitor in epithelial cells originating from the lung. In this study we characterized human lung-derived epithelial-like HTB58 cells for their ability to synthesize α1-PI after treatment with IL-6, OSM and LIF. The results demonstrate that the resistance of HTB58 cells to the effects of IL-6 and LIF was not becau…
Thyrotropin Receptor Blocking Antibodies.
2018
AbstractAutoantibodies (Ab) against the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) are frequently found in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Autoantibodies to the TSHR (anti-TSHR-Ab) may mimic or block the action of TSH or be functionally neutral. Measurement of anti-TSHR-Ab can be done either via competitive-binding immunoassays or with functional cell-based bioassays. Antibody-binding assays do not assess anti-TSHR-Ab functionality, but rather measure the concentration of total anti-TSHR binding activity. In contrast, functional cell-based bioassays indicate whether anti-TSHR-Ab have stimulatory or blocking activity. Historically bioassays for anti-TSHR-Ab were research tools and were u…