Search results for "Reciprocity"

The interplay of reciprocity propensity and inequality aversion in two-person games

2020

Economic normative models assume that economic actors are fully rational and selfish while recent studies acknowledge the emotional influence of an economic decision and call for further investigation of biases in decision making. Most decisions involve multiple actors who make decisions following a sequential path as reflected by decision trees; this contingency makes a call for the game theory contribution in the economic decision field. Two-person games are widely used to represent a typical framework of economic decisions. This study aims at further investigating psychological biases affecting decisions in a two-person sequential game. So far similar studies have focused on the principa…

Doni funesti. Miti di scambi pericolosi nella letteratura latina

2018

«I doni sono come gli ami» avverte Marziale. «Catturano anche gli dèi» afferma Ovidio. «Sono l’inganno in cui di solito incappano i re» osserva Seneca. La forza calamitante del dono, la sua natura seducente e pericolosa, emerge con chiarezza dall’analisi del sapere mitico romano e delle sue riscritture letterarie. I Romani, del resto, conoscevano bene il potere attrattivo dei doni, la loro capacità di condizionare i comportamenti e le dinamiche di relazione. Erifile è soggiogata dalla collana di Armonia, Mida è accecato dalla sua fame d’oro, Creusa è ingannata dai doni nuziali; Didone brucia con sé quelli dell’amato, Semele e Fetonte ne saranno bruciati. Il dono promesso è un rischio, il do…

La fides e la fraus: i doni del tiranno nel Thyestes di Seneca

2019

Nel Thyestes, Seneca riscrive la pratica del dono (536, 984) come strumento della vendetta del tiranno, che ne sfrutta il potere di attrazione. Combinando la categoria della fides con il meccanismo della fraus, Atreo intende mettere in scena un inganno in grado di soddisfare le “inique aspettative” (spes improba, 295) di Tieste, che spera di ottenere il regno (regna nunc sperat mea, 289), e fornirgli una garanzia tangibile di pace (fides pacis, 294). Una tale dinamica prende la forma di un “dono simulato”, una pratica di reciprocità in cui Atreo svolge il ruolo del donatore (dans) e Tieste è indotto ad assumere quello del destinatario (accipiens). Il tiranno lo rappresenta come un modo per …

SURFACE SUBGROUPS OF RIGHT-ANGLED ARTIN GROUPS

2007

We consider the question of which right-angled Artin groups contain closed hyperbolic surface subgroups. It is known that a right-angled Artin group $A(K)$ has such a subgroup if its defining graph $K$ contains an $n$-hole (i.e. an induced cycle of length $n$) with $n\geq 5$. We construct another eight "forbidden" graphs and show that every graph $K$ on $\le 8$ vertices either contains one of our examples, or contains a hole of length $\ge 5$, or has the property that $A(K)$ does not contain hyperbolic closed surface subgroups. We also provide several sufficient conditions for a \RAAG to contain no hyperbolic surface subgroups. We prove that for one of these "forbidden" subgraphs $P_2(6)$, …

Beneficium e iniuria. Rappresentazioni del dono e dell’offesa nel De beneficiis di Seneca

2018

Informal male caregivers in the city of Valencia. An experience of reciprocity

2018

Este artículo forma parte de un estudio de la Universidad de Valencia donde se analiza la percepción que algunos hombres tienen acerca del cuidado de personas adultas (mayores y/o discapacitadas) que ellos realizan de manera informal en su entorno familiar en la ciudad de Valencia. A través de entrevistas en profundidad, identificamos, la responsabilidad que estos hombres se toman con la persona cuidada a través del establecimiento de procesos de reciprocidad. Dicha reciprocidad destaca como un elemento positivo a extraer de sus vivencias que permite reivindicar el cuidado como un valor positivo y no exclusivo de ningún género. This article is part of a study from the University of Valencia…

Testing the Trust Game with undergraduates: An experiment with wealth heterogeneity

2017

Ponència presentada a 3rd International Conference on Higher Education Advances, HEAd’17, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, 2017 Trust, reciprocity and a fair distribution of resources are cruzial in the sustainability of any economic system. As a matter of fact, those are values that should be promoted among the new generations, especially among university students enrolled in degrees that are related to economics. Under this context, we are interested in enhancing criticism and active reflection among undergraduates with respect to social values. With such a goal in mind, we designed a two step classroom task that includes playing the Trust Game (TG) in the first place and, s…

Food community networks as leverage for social embeddedness

2013

Social embeddedness, defined as the interaction of economic activities and social behavior, is used in this study as a conceptual tool to describe the growing phenomenon of food community networks (FCNs). The aim in this paper was to map the system of relations which the FCNs develop both inside and outside the network and, from the number of relations, it was inferred the influence of each FCN upon the formation of new socially embedded economic realities. A particular form of FCN was taken under consideration: solidarity purchase groups (SPGs). Performed with the aid of social network analysis on a sample of SPGs in Sicily (a region in southern Italy), the study allowed us to identify a r…

Institutional Entrepreneurship, Trust, and Regulatory Capture in the Digital Economy

2019

In regard to the problem of the new markets' opening and their regulation, some scholars have introduced the concept of “institutional entrepreneur” in economic literature. This new definition of entrepreneur is important to highlight, albeit in informal and descriptive terms, the existence of functional relationships between activities typical of private market competition and those more specifically, of the public sector. Even if this new economic character can provide an interesting key to understanding what can really happen in the narrow zone that separates the public and private markets, it does not consider some conceptual components that are not minor for the purposes of complete ch…

A Saturation Avoidance Technique for Peer-to-Peer Distributed Virtual Environments

2007

This paper presents a multi-agent framework oriented to animate groups of synthetic humans that properly balance task-oriented and social behaviors. We mainly focus on the social model designed for BDI-agents to display socially acceptable decisions. This model is based on an auction mechanism used to coordinate the group activities derived from the character's roles. The model also introduces reciprocity relations between the members of a group and allows the agents to include social tasks to produce realistic behavioral animations. Furthermore, a conversational library provides the set of plans to manage social interactions and to animate from simple chats to more complex negotiations. Th…