Search results for "Reciprocity"
showing 10 items of 106 documents
A Multiagent Framework to Animate Socially Intelligent Agents
2007
This paper presents a multiagent framework designed to animate groups of synthetic humans that properly balance task oriented and social behaviors. The work presented in this paper focuses on the BDI agents and the social model integrated to provide socially acceptable decisions. The social model provides rationality, to control the global coordination of the group, and sociability, to simulate relations (e.g. friends) and reciprocity between members. The multiagent based framework has been tested successfully in dynamic environments while simulating a virtual university bar, where several types of agents (groups of waiters and customers) can interact and finally display complex social beha…
Olfaction scaffolds the developing human from neonate to adolescent and beyond
2020
The impact of the olfactory sense is regularly apparent across development. The fetus is bathed in amniotic fluid (AF) that conveys the mother's chemical ecology. Transnatal olfactory continuity between the odours of AF and milk assists in the transition to nursing. At the same time, odours emanating from the mammary areas provoke appetitive responses in newborns. Odours experienced from the mother's diet during breastfeeding, and from practices such as pre-mastication, may assist in the dietary transition at weaning. In parallel, infants are attracted to and recognize their mother's odours; later, children are able to recognize other kin and peers based on their odours. Familiar odours, su…
"I will never forget him". A qualitative exploration of staff descriptions of helpful relationships in supportive housing.
2020
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Recovery-oriented studies show that the quality of the professional relationship plays an essential role in the recovery from mental illness. Within mental health care in general, previous studies show that helpful professional relationships are characterized by several reciprocal aspects, such as friendship resemblance and self-disclosure. The literature is scarce on in-depth explorations of professional relationships within the often long-lasting and intimate help context of institutional supportive housing. Explorations of staff members' experiences are absent. The scientific rationale of this study was to expand the current knowledge about professional rel…
Need for Conclusive Evidence that Positive and Negative Reciprocity are Unrelated
2013
The strong reciprocity model of the evolution of human cooperation (1) postulates that positive and negative reciprocity are associated. Recently in PNAS, Yamagishi et al. (2) reported results that challenged this proposition by showing that the tendency to reject unfair offers in the ultimatum game is not related to various indicators of positive reciprocity in other experimental games. This result was corroborated by a nonsignificant correlation between self-reported positive and negative reciprocity.
I doni di Medea. Tra reciprocità e vendetta
2019
Qual è la funzione dei doni nella storia di Medea, e che cosa ci comunicano? Attraverso di essi Medea sembra in grado di costruire relazioni e, all’opposto, di vendicarsi sui suoi nemici. È sulla base dei doni che interpreta offese e vendetta come inversioni dei meccanismi di reciprocità positiva in cui è calata. Partendo dunque dall’assunto che Medea sia, innanzitutto, una “donatrice al femminile”, il contributo esamina le più rilevanti rappresentazioni della sua storia mitica alla luce della categoria del dono. Pertanto, nella prima parte (“i doni per Giasone”) si presterà particolare attenzione alle “Medee” di Pindaro, Apollonio Rodio, Ovidio e Valerio Flacco, senza tralasciare le …
Deterministic versus probabilistic consequences of trust and trustworthiness: An experimental investigation
2014
Abstract There is overwhelming evidence of reciprocal behavior, driven by intentions. However, the role of consequences is less clear cut. Experimentally manipulating how efficient trust and reciprocity can be in deterministic and uncertain environments allows us to study how payoff consequences of trust and trustworthiness affect reciprocity. According to the results for our modified Investment Game, trustees reward trust more when trust is more efficient but do not adjust rewards when the efficiency of rewarding is varied. Furthermore, higher deterministic benefits result in higher levels of reciprocity for all trust levels, whereas an uncertain environment diminishes reciprocity.
Perceived Reciprocity and Well-Being at Work in Non-Professional Employees: Fairness or Self-Interest?
2012
This article assesses the links between non-professional employees' perceptions of reciprocity in their relationships with their supervisors and the positive and negative sides of employees' well-being at work: burnout and engagement. Two hypotheses were explored. First, the fairness hypothesis assumes a curvilinear relationship where balanced reciprocity (when the person perceives that there is equilibrium between his/her efforts and the benefits he/she receives) presents the highest level of well-being. Second, the self-interest hypothesis proposes a linear pattern where over-benefitted situations for employees (when the person perceives that he/she is receiving more than he/she deserves)…
Myślenie dialogiczne. W polu gry o prawdę etyczną
2019
Przedmiotem analiz artykułu jest pojęcie myślenia dialogicznego. Jest ono różne od pojęcia dialogu–literackiej figury, która służy do przekazywania poglądów filozoficznych. Myślenie dialogiczne, jako merytorycznie nowy sposób uprawiania filozofii, pojawia się dopiero w początkach XX w. Zrodziło się ono jako sprzeciw wobec redukcyjnych metod nauk przyrodniczych i przeniesienia ich w obszar myśli humanistycznej i antropologicznej. W ten sposób powstał nowy nurt filozoficzny – filozofia dialogu. Rozwijał się w duchu uwag krytycznych kierowanych pod adresem dotychczasowej tradycji filozofii zachodniej. W artykule przedstawione zostały konstytutywne cechy myślenia dialogicznego. Najpierw przepro…
PANDEMIE E CONTRATTO SOCIALE. NOTE PEDAGOGICHE SULLA FORMA DEI LEGAMI NEL NOSTRO TEMPO
2021
Several are the crises generated by the pandemic. In each of these crises (health, economic, social, educational...), there are many “breaks” in the “taken for granted” that lead to ask radical questions about human life.In this horizon and according to the approach of phenomenological-hermeneutic fundamental pedagogy, the paper aims at highlighting one of the hypotheses which, starting from modernity, has been very influential: the social contract. In particular, the paper focuses on same consequences that derive from having intended the social contract as model not only of political life but also,of any possible intersubjective bond. Therefore, the paper inquiries on what the ontological …
Necessary Transformation or Safe Permanence? A Philosophical Approach to the Desire for Change
2011
What is proposed is a meditation on the phrase ‘transformation of the educational system’, paying attention to the sense of the words, and showing what the desire for educational change can reveal. After explaining to what extent ‘educational system’ is a quasi-oxymoron, the meaning of ‘transformation’ has to be compared to those of revolution and utopia. The claim to be transforming the educational system is an attempt to adapt education to social and political situations and constraints. The case of the Langevin-Wallon project in France, which was never applied, helps when wondering what has to be adapted to what. What sort of reciprocity is there between school and society? The organisa…