Search results for "Rectal Cancer"
showing 10 items of 978 documents
Hsp60 and Hsp10 as antitumour molecular agents
2007
The molecular chaperones Hsp60 and Hsp10 are, according to recent reports, involved in cancer development and progression. We, for instance, have found that their expression varies with distinctive patterns in different malignancies: they are overexpressed in colorectal, exocervical and prostate carcinogenesis, and colorectal cancer progression, but they are downregulated during bronchial carcinogenesis. There is also evidence showing that Hsp60 and Hsp10 can be used as therapeutic agents, for example in rheumatoid arthritis. In view of these findings we want now to call attention to the potential of Hsp60 and Hsp10 in cancer therapy.
Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells: From the Crypt to the Clinic
2014
Since their first discovery, investigations of colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) have revealed some unexpected properties, including a high degree of heterogeneity and plasticity. By exploiting a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental factors, colorectal CSCs metastasize, resist chemotherapy, and continually adapt to a changing microenvironment, representing a formidable challenge to cancer eradication. Here, we review the current understanding of colorectal CSCs, including their origin, relationship to stem cells of the intestine, phenotypic characterization, and underlying regulatory mechanisms. We also discuss limitations to current preclinical models of colorectal …
Poly(HydroxyButyrate-co-HydroxyValerate) (PHBHV) Nanocarriers for Silymarin Release as Adjuvant Therapy in Colo-rectal Cancer
2017
The aim of this study was to address one of the major challenges of the actual era of nanomedicine namely, the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs such as Silymarin. We developed new, biodegradable, and biocompatible nanosized shuttles for Silymarin targeted delivery in colon-cancer cells. The design of these 100 nm sized carrier nanoparticles was based on natural polymers and their biological properties such as cellular uptake potential, cytotoxicity and 3D penetrability were tested using a colon cancer cell line (HT-29) as the in vitro culture model. Comparative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements demonstrated that the Silymarin load…
What is the best surgical option for the resection of transverse colon cancer?
2019
Transverse colon is an infrequent localization of colon cancer and it is burdened by a poor prognosis. The principle of oncological radicality includes primary tumor resection with adequate lymphadenectomy. To date, there is still no consensus on which type of surgical resection perform in case of transverse colon cancer (TCC). Lymphatic drainage and vascularization of this section of the colon is highly variable presenting with different anatomical variants. Moreover, mobilization of the transverse colon can be particularly challenging in comparison to other colon tracts. Despite a lack of standardized definitions, three main surgical options are proposed: segmental colectomy of the transv…
Resveratrol metabolites inhibit human metastatic colon cancer cells progression and synergize with chemotherapeutic drugs to induce cell death.
2012
Scope Resveratrol (RSV) has been proposed to prevent tumor growth; nevertheless, these preventive effects are controversial since RSV pharmacokinetics studies show a low bioavailability. Recent clinical trials show that patients with colorectal cancer and receiving oral RSV have high levels of RSV conjugates in the colorectum, mainly RSV-3-O-sulfate (R3S), RSV-3-O-glucuronide, and RSV-4′-O-glucuronide. However, their potential biological activity has not yet been established. This study thus investigated in human colorectal cancer cell lines whether RSV main metabolites retain anticarcinogenic properties as their parental molecule. Methods and results Proliferation, apoptosis assays and cel…
Label-free quantitative proteomic profiling of colon cancer cells identifies acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha as antitumor target of Citrus limon-derived…
2017
Abstract We have previously isolated exosome-like nanoparticles from Citrus-limon juice, able to inhibit in vitro and in vivo tumor cell growth. In order to deeply understand the mechanism underlying nanovesicle effects, we performed a proteomic profile of treated colorectal cancer cells. Among the proteins differentially expressed after nanovesicle treatment, we found a significant downregulation of the Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 (ACACA) and we demonstrated that silencing ACACA in cancer cells leads to a reduction of cell growth. Our study proved that the anti-tumor effects of Citrus-limon nanovesicles is partly mediated by lipid metabolism inhibition, in particular via ACACA downregulation.…
Integrated multi-omics investigations of metalloproteinases in colon cancer: Focus on MMP2 and MMP9
2021
Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops by genetic and epigenetic alterations. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying metastatic dissemination remain unclear and could benefit from multi-omics investigations of specific protein families. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes involved in ECM remodeling and the processing of bioactive molecules. Increased MMP expression promotes the hallmarks of tumor progression, including angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis, and is correlated with a shortened survival. Nevertheless, the collective role and the possible coordination of MMP members in CRC are poorly investigated. Here, we performed a multi-omics analysis of MMP expression…
Proteomic Approaches in Colon Cancer: Promising Tools for New Cancer Markers and Drug Target Discovery
2005
Novel technologies are needed from which to identify new and more efficient biomarkers and improved molecular targets for the expedient and accurate diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Many advances have been made in direct and virtual imaging for detection of polyps and malignant-type lesions. These require tissue verification before definitive intervention. Inclusion of a simple serum test, more accurate than CEA, especially for early cancer detection, would make virtual imaging much more successful. Proteomics, the study of the proteins and protein pathways involved in disease, is a new dimension in preclinical and clinical development. Mass spectrometric analysis of serum prot…
Resectability, conversion, metastasectomy and outcome according to RAS and BRAF status for metastatic colorectal cancer in the prospective RAXO study
2022
Abstract Background Outcomes after metastasectomy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) vary with RAS and BRAF mutational status, but their effects on resectability and conversion rates have not been extensively studied. Methods This substudy of the prospective RAXO trial included 906 patients recruited between 2011 and 2018. We evaluated repeated centralised resectability assessment, conversion/resection rates and overall survival (OS), according to RAS and BRAF status. Results Patients included 289 with RAS and BRAF wild-type (RAS and BRAFwt), 529 with RAS mutated (RASmt) and 88 with BRAF mutated (BRAFmt) mCRC. Metastatic prevalence varied between the RAS and BRAFwt/RASmt/BRAFmt groups,…
The Long and Winding Road to Useful Predictive Factors for Anti-EGFR Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: The KRAS/BRAF Pathway
2010
Monoclonal antibodies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have improved outcomes for patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Among patients not carrying activating mutations in the KRAS gene, only a limited number will experience tumor response to these therapeutic agents. The role of BRAF mutations in determining resistance to this treatment is emerging through preclinical and clinical studies. Standardization and validation of laboratory mutation analysis is needed to allow an optimal use of anti-EGFR therapies in the management of colorectal carcinoma. Clinical single-arm and randomized studies were conducted both in first-line and refractory settings to evaluate…