Search results for "Rectal Neoplasm"
showing 10 items of 605 documents
Technique of transanal endoscopic microsurgery.
1988
Sessile adenomas are predominantly localized in the rectum and lower sigma. Surgical removal is indicated but often implies an invasive surgical procedure. Using conventional transanal surgical techniques, only the lower rectum can be reached and there are high rates of recurrence. The new technique combines an endoscopic view of the rectum under gas insufflation via a stereoscopic telescope with conventional surgical preparation and suturing. Adenomas can be excised using the mucosectomy technique or full-thickness-excision, whereas carcinomas should be excised using full-thickness excision with a sufficient border of healthy mucosa. In carcinomas of the sacral cavity, we remove the retror…
Involvement of IL-6 in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colon Cancer
2005
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which consists of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is defined as a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinbal tract. The etiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of IBD are still not completely understood, and the therapeutic strategies used thus far have been limited to mostly evidence-based principles. There is growing evidence that the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 plays a crucial part in the uncontrolled intestinal inflammatory process, which is a main characteristic of IBD. There is elevated production of IL-6 and its soluble receptor (sIL-6R) by intestinal macrophages and CD4+ T-cells. The increased formation of …
Prognostic implications of surgical specimen quality on the oncological outcomes of open and laparoscopic surgery in mid and low rectal cancer
2021
Abstract Purpose Determine differences in pathologic outcomes between laparoscopic (LAP) and open surgery (OPEN) for mid and low rectal cancer and its influence in long-term oncological outcomes. Methods Retrospective case matched study at a tertiary institution. Adults with rectal cancer below 12 cm from the anal verge operated between January 2005 and September 2018 were included. Primary outcomes were quality of specimen, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and local recurrence (LR). Results The study included 311 patients, LAP = 108 (34.7%), OPEN = 203 (65,3%). A successful resection was accomplished in 81% of the LAP group and in 84.5% of the OPEN (p = 0.505). No differ…
The occlusive tourniquet: a simple method for rectal stump washout during open and laparoscopic surgery.
2007
Rectal stump washout with cytolytic agents is recommended and usually performed during anterior rectal or rectosigmoid resection. The use of a linear stapler instrument during ultralow anterior resection makes the placement of pelvic clamps difficult for rectal stump washout prior to resection. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the use of a simple procedure, the occlusive tourniquet for rectal stump washout. Occlusive tourniquet applied to open technique: after complete dissection of the rectum and sigmoid colon according to the usual technique, a simple piece of tubing from an intravenous line is passed behind and around the rectum/sigmoid colon at some point distal to the tumor…
Expression of angiogenic regulators, VEGF and leptin, is regulated by the EGF/PI3K/STAT3 pathway in colorectal cancer cells.
2009
Both leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are growth and angiogenic cytokines that are upregulated in different types of cancer and have been implicated in neoplastic progression. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism by which leptin and VEGF expression are regulated in colon cancer by epidermal growth factor (EGF). In colon cancer cell line HT-29, EGF induced the binding of signal transducer and activator transcription 3 (STAT3) to STAT3 consensus motifs within the VEGF and leptin promoters and stimulated leptin and VEGF mRNA and protein synthesis. All these EGF effects were significantly blocked when HT-29 cells were treated with an inhibitor of the phosphoinositide…
Meta-analysis of mismatch repair polymorphisms within the cogent consortium for colorectal cancer susceptibility
2013
In the last four years, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified sixteen low-penetrance polymorphisms on fourteen different loci associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Due to the low risks conferred by known common variants, most of the 35% broad-sense heritability estimated by twin studies remains unexplained. Recently our group performed a case-control study for eight Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in 4 CRC genes. The present investigation is a followup of that study. We have genotyped six SNPs that showed a positive association and carried out a meta-analysis based on eight additional studies comprising in total more than 8000 cases and 6000 controls. The estimate…
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha expression increases during colorectal carcinogenesis and tumor progression
2008
Abstract Background Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) is involved in processes promoting carcinogenesis of many tumors. However, its role in the development of colorectal cancer is unknown. To investigate the significance of HIF-1α during colorectal carcinogenesis and progression we examined its expression in precursor lesions constituting the conventional and serrated pathways, as well as in non-metastatic and metastatic adenocarcinomas. Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blot is used to analyse HIF-1α expression in normal colonic mucosa, hyperplastic polyps (HPP), sessile serrated adenomas (SSA), low-grade (TA-LGD) and high-grade (TA-HGD) traditional adenomas as well as in n…
Reduced expression of TLR4 is associated with the metastatic status of human colorectal cancer.
2007
Signaling mediating colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is incompletely understood. Previously, we identified lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin of ubiquitously existing colonic bacteria, as a pivotal stimulus increasing the metastatic potential of human CRC. Since the ubiquitous colonic bacteria release large amounts of LPS this observation could be of enormous relevance for the progression of CRC. In this study we present data contributing to the elucidation of its mode of action. Since both receptors CD14 and TLR4 act as LPS mediators, we determined their expression in various CRC cell lines and in 115 non-metastatic, lymphogenous-metastatic and haematogenous-metastatic CRC specimens…
Multisciplinary management of patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer
2016
Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been till now the main therapeutic strategies for disease control and improvement of the overall survival. Twenty-five per cent (25%) of CRC patients have clinically detectable liver metastases at the initial diagnosis and approximately 50% develop liver metastases during their disease course. Twenty-thirty per cent (20%-30%) are CRC patients with metastases confined to the liver. Some years ago various studies showed a curative potential for liver metastases resection. For this reason some authors proposed the conversion of unresectable liver metastases to res…
Signal transduction pathways of the epidermal growth factor receptor in colorectal cancer and their inhibition by small molecules.
2012
While prognostic factors can help to classify the standard risk of subpopulations of patients with the same tumor entity, it is still not possible to predict the response of individual patients to specific therapies. The reason for such wide variation in cancer therapy responses remains largely unknown. The field of chemotherapy is currently undergoing a paradigm shift from classical cytotoxic chemotherapy to targeted therapy in order to kill tumor cells more efficiently with fewer side effects on normal tissue. In the present review, we focus on colorectal carcinoma, which is one of the most frequent tumor types worldwide and represents a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The signali…