Search results for "Redistribution"

Confinement effects for ionic carriers in SrTiO3 ultrathin films: first-principles calculations of oxygen vacancies.

2010

One-dimensional confinement effects are modelled within the hybrid HF-DFT LCAO approach considering neutral and single-charged oxygen vacancies in SrTiO(3) ultrathin films. The calculations reveal that confinement effects are surprisingly short-range in this partly covalent perovskite; already for film thickness of 2-3 nm (and we believe, similar size nanoparticles) only the surface-plane defect properties differ from those in the bulk. This includes a pronounced decrease of the defect formation energy (by ∼1 eV), a much deeper defect band level and a noticeable change in the electronic density redistribution at the near-surface vacancy site with respect to that in the bulk. The results als…

Redistribution of solid inclusions in the turbulent flow of metallurgical induction furnaces

2012

Magnitude-frequency analysis of water redistribution along a climate gradient in Spain

1999

Abstract Banded patterns in soils and vegetation form part of important discontinuities on semi-arid slopes in Spain. At fine scales (

Where do the highly educated migrate? Micro-level evidence from finland

2003

This paper analyses the role which migration of highly educated labour plays in human capital reallocation. The study focuses on actual migrants, examining the direct effect of educational attainment on destination choices. The paper uses the ordered probability model and a micro-level data set in econometric analyses. Individual level investigations of migrants show that highly educated migrants are likely to move to urban regions. As a result, the reallocation of highly educated labour, and thereby also the redistribution of human capital, seems to be taking place in Finland. peerReviewed

Redistribution of tax resources: a cooperative game theory approach

2021

AbstractWe consider the problem of how to distribute public expenditure among the different regions of an economic entity after all taxes have been collected. Typical examples are: the regions that make up a country, the states of a federal country, or the countries of a confederation of countries. We model the problem as a cooperative game in coalitional form, called the tax game. This game estimates the fiscal resources collected in each region, or coalition of regions, by differentiating between what comes from economic activity within each region and what comes from trade with the other regions. This methodology provides a measure of the disagreement within a region, or coalitions of re…

Income Equality and Income Taxation

1994

In every society the distribution of income plays an essential role — not only for economists but also for social scientists and politicians. Most people agree that the laissez-faire allo-cation is not equitable but that some redistribution using taxes has to take place. Most of the literature has supposed that a Bergson- Samuelson social welfare function is the appropriate tool for capturing social values in such analyses. However, there are some objections against this approach. First, interpersonal comparability of the individual utilities is needed — an extremely strong and questionable claim. Second, most writers have worked with a concave transformation of individual cardinal utilitie…

Religion and the Scandinavian Welfare State: Public Support for Socio-economic Rights in Times of Migration

2020

The theme of this article is the legitimisation of social and economic rights within the context of the Scandinavian welfare state. This problem has become more prominent in the light of the recent influx of immigrants from countries in the Middle East and Africa dominated by other religious and cultural traditions than Lutheran Protestantism. Two questions are discussed in the article. First, what role has religion played vis-a-vis the development of the welfare states in Scandinavia? Second, in what ways have recent immigration trends influenced popular support for welfare provision and social rights?

Welfare State Development, Individual Deprivations and Income Inequality: A cross-country analysis in Latin America and the Caribbean

2019

Several scholars have confirmed the role that the welfare state (WS) plays in reducing poverty, promoting equality and ensuring the common wellbeing. One of the limitations of the scholarship has been the conceptualization and operationalization of the WS and poverty as one-dimensional variables. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between welfare state development –as a one-dimensional and multidimensional variable-, single-dimensions deprivations and income inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean, before and after controlling for demographic and cyclical factors. The WS is operationalized taking into account its multidimensional nature. Three individual deprivat…

Gender Injustices in Neoliberal Times. On Nancy Fraser’s Proposal

2018

El artículo se propone elaborar una crítica al neoliberalismo desde una perspectiva de género, empleando la teoría de la justicia de Fraser como marco analítico. Tras recoger la narrativa histórica que Fraser elabora en torno al feminismo de la segunda ola y sus relaciones con el capitalismo, se realiza un análisis pormenorizado de las características del modelo neoliberal según los criterios de redistribución, reconocimiento y representación de la teoría de la justicia de Fraser. Finalmente, se analizan las críticas que diversas teóricas, entre las que destaca Fraser, han realizado a un supuesto feminismo neoliberal, el cual deja intactas las estructuras de dominación económicas y promueve…

Formation of linear Ni nanochains inside carbon nanotubes: Prediction from density functional theory

2013

Abstract First principles calculations have been performed to investigate the ground state properties of monoperiodic single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) containing nanochain of aligned Ni atoms inside. Using the PBE exchange-correlation functional ( E xc ) within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) we predict the clusterization of Ni filaments in ( n ,0) CNTs for n ⩾  9 and for ( n , n ) CNTs for n ⩾  6. The variations in formation energies obtained for equilibrium defective nanostructures allow us to predict the most stable Ni@CNT compositions. Finally, the electronic charge redistribution has been calculated in order to explore intermolecular properties leading to stronger…