Search results for "Reductases"
showing 10 items of 276 documents
Quantification of a novel group of nitrate-reducing bacteria in the environment by real-time PCR
2004
Abstract Nitrate reduction is performed by phylogenetically diverse bacteria. Analysis of narG (alpha subunit of the membrane bound nitrate reductase) trees constructed using environmental sequences revealed a new cluster that is not related to narG gene from known nitrate-reducing bacteria. In this study, primers targeting this as yet uncultivated nitrate-reducing group were designed and used to develop a real-time SYBR® Green PCR assay. The assay was tested with clones from distinct nitrate-reducing groups and applied to various environmental samples. narG copy number was high ranging between 5.08×108 and 1.12×1011 copies per gram of dry weight of environmental sample. Environmental real-…
Functional and genomic diversity of methylotrophic Rhodocyclaceae: description of Methyloversatilis discipulorum sp. nov.
2015
Three strains of methylotrophic Rhodocyclaceae (FAM1T, RZ18-153 and RZ94) isolated from Lake Washington sediment samples were characterized. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences the strains should be assigned to the genus Methyloversatilis. Similarly to other members of the family, the strains show broad metabolic capabilities and are able to utilize a number of organic acids, alcohols and aromatic compounds in addition to methanol and methylamine. The main fatty acids were 16:1ω7c (49–59 %) and 16:0 (32–29 %). Genomes of all isolates were sequenced, assembled and annotated in collaboration with the DOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI). Genome comparison revealed that the s…
Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding human glutaredoxin.
1994
Glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) is a small, heat-stable protein, which is involved in thiol/disulfide exchange reactions. We have isolated a cDNA that encodes glutaredoxin from a human brain cDNA library. The encoded protein contains 106 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 11.76 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.09. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA is more than 80% identical to those of other mammalian glutaredoxins.
Tonoplast subcellular localization of maize cytochrome b5 reductases
2000
Plant cytochrome b 5 reductases (b 5 R) are assumed to be part of an ER-associated redox chain that oxidizes NADH to provide electrons via cytochrome b5 (cyt b 5 ) to ER-associated fatty acyl desaturase and related hydroxylases, as in mammalian cells. Here we report on cDNA cloning of a novel maize b 5 R, NFR II, strongly related to a previously cloned cDNA, NFR I (Bagnaresi et al., 1999, Biochem, J. 338, 499-5051. Maize b 5 R isoforms are produced by a small multi-gene family. The NFR cDNAs were shown to encode active b 5 Rs by heterologous expression in yeast. Both reductases, in addition to Fe 3+ -chelates, efficiently reduced Cu 2+ -chelates. Using a polyclonal antibody able to recogniz…
Identification and Expression of the SOS Response, aidB-Like, Gene in the Marine Sponge Geodia cydonium: Implication for the Phylogenetic Relationshi…
1998
Sponges (Porifera) are the phylogenetically oldest metazoan organisms. From one member of the siliceous sponges, Geodia cydonium, the cDNA encoding a putative SOS protein, the AidB-like protein of the Ada system from bacteria, was isolated and characterized. The cDNA, GCaidB, comprises an open reading frame of 446 amino acid (aa) residues encoding a polypeptide with a calculated Mr of 49,335. This molecule shows high similarity to the bacterial AidB proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Escherichia coli and somewhat lower similarities to acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ADHs) and acyl-CoA oxidases (AOXs). Northern blot analysis confirmed the presence of the complete transcript. The deduced s…
From the covalent linkage of drugs to novel inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase: synthesis and biological evaluation of valproic esters of 3'-C-me…
2014
We synthesized a series of serum-stable covalently linked drugs derived from 3'-C-methyladenosine (3'-Me-Ado) and valproic acid (VPA), which are ribonucleotide reductase (RR) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, respectively. While the combination of free VPA and 3'-Me-Ado resulted in a clear synergistic apoptotic effect, the conjugates had lost their HDAC inhibitory effect as well as the corresponding apoptotic activity. Two of the analogs, 2',5'-bis-O-valproyl-3'-C-methyladenosine (A160) and 5'-O-valproyl-3'-C-methyladenosine (A167), showed promising cytotoxic activities against human hematological and solid cancer cell lines. A167 was less potent than A160 but had interesting featu…
The importance of a highly active and DeltapH-regulated diatoxanthin epoxidase for the regulation of the PS II antenna function in diadinoxanthin cyc…
2005
The present study focuses on the regulation of diatoxanthin (Dtx) epoxidation in the diadinoxanthin (Ddx) cycle containing algae Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Cyclotella meneghiniana and Prymnesium parvum and its significance for the control of the photosystem II (PS II) antenna function. Our data show that Dtx epoxidase can exhibit extremely high activities when algal cells are transferred from high light (HL) to low light (LL). Under HL conditions, Dtx epoxidation is strongly inhibited by the light-driven proton gradient. Uncoupling of the cells during HL illumination restores the high epoxidation rates observed during LL. In Ddx cycle containing algae, non-photoche…
[The ketogenic diet: an underappreciated therapeutic option?].
2011
Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions in Western countries and is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite the constant recommendations of health care organizations regarding the importance of weight control, this goal often fails. Although there is a common agreement about the concept that exercise and diet are two key factors for the control of body weight, the ideal amount and type of exercise and also the ideal diet for weight control are still under debate. A widely accepted nutritional regime is the Mediterranean diet that has evident health benefits although less attention has been paid to see if the effects are due to other lifestyle factors which may contribute t…
Seasonal diet-based resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in the fossorial water vole (Arvicola amphibius)
2021
International audience; Anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) resistance has been defined as "a major loss of efficacy due to the presence of a strain of rodent with a heritable and commensurately reduced sensitivity to the anticoagulant". The mechanism that supports this resistance has been identified as based on mutations in the Vkorc1 gene leading to severe resistance in rats and mice. This study evaluates the validity of this definition in the fossorial water vole and explores the possibility of a non-genetic diet-based resistance in a strict herbivorous rodent species. Genetic support was explored by sequencing the Vkorc1 gene and the diet-based resistance was explored by the dosing of vitam…
Echovirus 1 Entry into Polarized Caco-2 Cells Depends on Dynamin, Cholesterol, and Cellular Factors Associated with Macropinocytosis
2013
ABSTRACT Enteroviruses invade their hosts by crossing the intestinal epithelium. We have examined the mechanism by which echovirus 1 (EV1) enters polarized intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Virus binds to VLA-2 on the apical cell surface and moves rapidly to early endosomes. Using inhibitory drugs, dominant negative mutants, and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to block specific endocytic pathways, we found that virus entry requires dynamin GTPase and membrane cholesterol but is independent of both clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis. Instead, infection requires factors commonly associated with macropinocytosis, including amiloride-sensitive Na + /H + exchange, protein kinase C, …