Search results for "Reference"

Evidence-based medicine and the problem of healthy volunteers

2017

Abstract Healthy controls are subjects without the disease being studied but may have other conditions indirectly affecting outcome. In the present epidemics of obesity a few subjects with undiagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease enter clinical studies as controls, producing biased results. Stricter selection criteria should be considered to prevent this risk.

Patient Preferences for Lung Cancer Treatment: A Qualitative Study Protocol Among Advanced Lung Cancer Patients

2021

Introduction: Lung cancer is the deadliest and most prevalent cancer worldwide. Lung cancer treatments have different characteristics and are associated with a range of benefits and side effects for patients. Such differences may raise uncertainty among drug developers, regulators, payers, and clinicians regarding the value of these treatment effects to patients. The value of conducting patient preference studies (using qualitative and/or quantitative methods) for benefits and side effects of different treatment options has been recognized by healthcare stakeholders, such as drug developers, regulators, health technology assessment bodies, and clinicians. However, evidence-based guidelines …

Patient Preferences for Lung Cancer Treatments: A Study Protocol for a Preference Survey Using Discrete Choice Experiment and Swing Weighting

2021

Background: Advanced treatment options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) consist of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of both. Decisions surrounding NSCLC can be considered as preference-sensitive because multiple treatments exist that vary in terms of mode of administration, treatment schedules, and benefit–risk profiles. As part of the IMI PREFER project, we developed a protocol for an online preference survey for NSCLC patients exploring differences in preferences according to patient characteristics (preference heterogeneity). Moreover, this study will evaluate and compare the use of two different preference elicitation methods, the discrete choice experiment (DCE) and …

CD36 is regulated by dietary lipids in mouse circumvallate papillae. Impact on spontaneous fat preference

2011

Effect of oral magnesium supplementation on physical performance in healthy elderly women involved in a weekly exercise program: A randomized control…

2014

Background: Magnesium deficiency is associated with poor physical performance, but no trials are available on how magnesium supplementation affects elderly people’s physical performance. Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate whether 12 wk of oral magnesium supplementation can improve physical performance in healthy elderly women. Design: In a parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, 139 healthy women (mean 6 SD age: 71.5 6 5.2 y) attending a mild fitness program were randomly allocated to a treatment group (300 mg Mg/d; n = 62) or a control group (no placebo or intervention; n = 77) by using a computer-generated randomization sequence, and researchers were blinded to their …

Adherence issues related to sublingual immunotherapy as perceived by allergists.

2010

Silvia Scurati1, Franco Frati1, Gianni Passalacqua2, Paola Puccinelli1, Cecile Hilaire1, Cristoforo Incorvaia3, Italian Study Group on SLIT Compliance 1Scientific and Medical Department, Stallergenes, Milan, Italy; 2Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Genoa; 3Allergy/Pulmonary Rehabilitation, ICP Hospital, Milan, ItalyObjectives: Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is a viable alternative to subcutaneous immunotherapy to treat allergic rhinitis and asthma, and is widely used in clinical practice in many European countries. The clinical efficacy of SLIT has been established in a number of clinical trials and meta-analyses. However, because SLIT is self-administered…

Developmental dyslexia and vision

2013

International audience; Developmental dyslexia affects almost 10% of school-aged children and represents a significant public health problem. Its etiology is unknown. The consistent presence of phonological difficulties combined with an inability to manipulate language sounds and the grapheme-phoneme conversion is widely acknowledged. Numerous scientific studies have also documented the presence of eye movement anomalies and deficits of perception of low contrast, low spatial frequency, and high frequency temporal visual information in dyslexics. Anomalies of visual attention with short visual attention spans have also been demonstrated in a large number of cases. Spatial orientation is als…

Comparison of the ability of alternative birthweight and fetal weight standards to identify preterm newborns at increased risk of perinatal death

2013

Objective To compare prediction of perinatal deaths among preterm infants based on fetal weight standards versus a new subpopulation-based birthweight standard. Design Population-based cohort study. Setting France. Population A total of 9100 preterm singletons, born between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation in 2000–09, in Burgundy (France). Methods We first classified all newborns as either small for gestational age (SGA) or not, based on alternative fetal weight or birthweight standards, including a new birthweight standard that excludes infants born to mothers with disease related to the weight of a fetus. Based on discrepancies between the different classifications, we then divided the newbor…

Distribution of lymphocyte surface antigens in healthy neonates.

1994

Using flow cytometric analysis we investigated the distribution of major lymphocyte surface antigens in newborn infants. A total of 221 newborns entered the study, of whom 53 fullfilled our criteria of healthy mature neonates. Percentages of immunofluorescent-positive cells were as follows (median and range from 25th to 75th percentiles given): for CD1 3.8%; 2.3%–5.8%. CD2 60.9%; 52.4%–66.8%. CD3 57.5%; 50.5%–63.3%. TcRas 57.7%; 48.1%–60.0%. CD4 36.3%; 28.0%–42.6%. CD8 23.0%; 20.0%–27.4%. CD11a 56.3%; 46.3%–68.5%. CD19 12.1%; 8.6%–14.8%. CD20 10.9%; 8.4%–12.9%. CD25 2.6%; 2.1%–4.5%. CDw52 61.0%; 51.2%–76.1%. CD71 5.2%; 3.1%–9.3%. While the ranges for the percentage of immunofluorescent-posi…

Practical recommendations for the application of DE 59/2013

2019

The changes introduced with Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom will require European Member States adapt their regulations, procedures and equipment to the new high standards of radiation safety. These new requirements will have an impact, in particular, on the radiology community (including medical physics experts) and on industry. Relevant changes include new definitions, a new dose limit for the eye lens, non-medical imaging exposures, procedures in asymptomatic individuals, the use and regular review of diagnostic reference levels (including interventional procedures), dosimetric information in imaging systems and its transfer to the examination report, new requirements on responsibiliti…