Search results for "Reflection"

showing 10 items of 645 documents

Skin-remitted photon path lengths: experimental study

2020

Skin-remitted picosecond laser pulses were detected at four input-output fiber distances in the spectral range 560-800 nm. After deconvolution procedures, distributions and mean values of the remitted photon path lengths in forearm skin were analyzed.

PhotonMaterials sciencePicosecond laserintegumentary systembusiness.industryPhoton countingnervous system diseasesOpticsimmune system diseasesTemporal resolutionPath (graph theory)Forearm skinDiffuse reflectionDeconvolutionbusinessBiophotonics Congress: Biomedical Optics 2020 (Translational, Microscopy, OCT, OTS, BRAIN)
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The experimental setup of the Interaction in Crystals for Emission of RADiation collaboration at Mainzer Mikrotron: Design, commissioning, and tests

2015

Silicon/germanium flat/bent crystals are thin devices able to efficiently deflect charged particle GeV-energy beams up to a few hundreds of μrad; moreover, high intensity photons can be efficiently produced in the so-called Multi-Volume Reflection (MVR) and Multiple Volume Reflections in One Crystal (MVROC) conditions. In the last years, the research interest in this field has moved to the dynamic studies of light negative leptons in the low energy range: the possibility to deflect negative particles and to produce high intensity γ sources via the coherent interactions with crystals in the sub-GeV energy range has been proved by the ICE-RAD (Interaction in Crystals for Emission of RADiation…

PhotonPhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsCrystals characterizationsBENT CRYSTALSCoherent interaction; Crystals characterizations; High intensity gamma sources;ScintillatorCoherent interactionVOLUME REFLECTION; CHARGED-PARTICLES; BENT CRYSTALS; SILICON; MICROTRONNOOpticsSILICONInstrumentationPhysicsRange (particle radiation)High intensity gamma sourcesbusiness.industryVOLUME REFLECTIONCharged particleCHARGED-PARTICLESBeamlineGoniometerMICROTRONScintillation counterPhysics::Accelerator PhysicsProfilometerbusiness
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Sub-critical InAs layers on metamorphic InGaAs for single quantum dot emission at telecom wavelengths

2014

We report on the design, the growth by MBE and the optical and morphological characterization of metamorphic InAs/InGaAs quantum dots (QD) with a density low enough to allow single dot characterization without the need of complex litographic steps to isolate single QDs. InAs sub-critical coverages were deposited on InxGa1-xAs metamorphic buffers (MBs) and the transition from 2D growth to 3D island nucleation was monitored by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). We discuss the fundamental differences of the sub-critical growth method compared with the Stranski-Krastanow one, also by considering available theoretical models. AFM confirmed that the density of QDs can be control…

PhotonReflection high-energy electron diffractionMaterials scienceNanostructurebusiness.industryNucleationGeneral ChemistryCondensed Matter PhysicsReflection (mathematics)Electron diffractionQuantum dotOptoelectronicsGeneral Materials SciencebusinessGround stateCrystal Research and Technology
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The Monte Carlo simulation of the Borexino detector

2017

We describe the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation package of the Borexino detector and discuss the agreement of its output with data. The Borexino MC 'ab initio' simulates the energy loss of particles in all detector components and generates the resulting scintillation photons and their propagation within the liquid scintillator volume. The simulation accounts for absorption, reemission, and scattering of the optical photons and tracks them until they either are absorbed or reach the photocathode of one of the photomultiplier tubes. Photon detection is followed by a comprehensive simulation of the readout electronics response. The algorithm proceeds with a detailed simulation of the electronics c…

Physics - Instrumentation and DetectorsPhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsSolar neutrinoMonte Carlo methodscintillation counter: liquidSolar neutrinosenergy resolution01 natural sciences7. Clean energyLarge volume liquid scintillator detectorHigh Energy Physics - Experiment[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]Large volume liquid scintillator detectorsBorexinoPhysicsphotomultipliertrack data analysisDetectorefficiency: quantumddc:540GEANTBorexinoNeutrinophoton: yieldnumerical calculations: Monte CarloPhotomultiplierdata analysis methodenergy lossScintillatorSolar neutrinoprogrammingphoton: reflectionMonte Carlo simulationsNuclear physics0103 physical sciencesphoton: scattering[INFO]Computer Science [cs][PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]010306 general physicsbackground: radioactivityMonte Carlo simulationdetector: designScintillation010308 nuclear & particles physicsbibliographyAstronomy and AstrophysicscalibrationLarge volume liquid scintillator detectors; Monte Carlo simulations; Solar neutrinos; Astronomy and Astrophysicsattenuation: lengthpile-upelectronics: readout
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Sound conversion phenomena at the free surface of liquid helium. II. Experimental determination of acoustic coefficients and surface absorption coeff…

1983

The acoustic coefficients of reflection, transmission, and transformation of first-, second-, and gas sound waves incident normally on the free surface of liquid helium have been determined. The experimental results are compared with the theory developed in Part I of this paper. It is shown that equilibrium theories of boundary conditions disagree with the experiments. Nonequilibrium theories, however, which take into account that mass and energy transport processes occur at the liquid-vapor interface of helium II, lead to a very good description of the experimental data below 2 K. Within experimental accuracy the measurements fully confirm several kinetic models of evaporation and energy t…

PhysicsAbsorption (acoustics)Liquid heliumLambda pointThermodynamicschemistry.chemical_elementAcoustic waveMechanicsCondensed Matter PhysicsAtomic and Molecular Physics and Opticslaw.inventionchemistrylawFree surfaceSecond soundReflection (physics)General Materials ScienceHeliumJournal of Low Temperature Physics
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Angular shift of an electromagnetic beam reflected by a planar dielectric interface

1989

A mathematical procedure for obtaining theoretically an expression for the fields of a beam reflected by a planar interface separating two lossless, linear, isotropic, homogeneous media is presented. Comparison of this expression with that obtained when the beam undergoes reflection from a perfect conductor leads to the expression for the angular shift of the beam reflected by a planar dielectric interface. The cases of normal and parallel polarization of a microwave beam are considered. In the last case, a complete study for angles of incidence far and near the Brewster angle is made.

PhysicsBeam diameterBrewster's anglebusiness.industryFresnel equationsAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialssymbols.namesakeOpticssymbolsPhysics::Accelerator PhysicsRadial polarizationM squaredComputer Vision and Pattern RecognitionLaser beam qualityReflection coefficientbusinessBeam (structure)Journal of the Optical Society of America A
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Polarization properties of a fiber optic loop mirror

2021

Abstract In this work, we present the spectral polarization properties of a fiber optic loop mirror (FOLM) which includes a 50/50 coupler and 25-cm long highly birefringent (hi-bi) fiber. The modulation depth of the reflection/transmission spectra can be adjusted by twisting the hi-bi fiber at the splices by means of two azimuth rotators (AR). The results show that the polarization properties of the reflection strongly depends on the angle rotation. We found that it is possible to obtain reflection spectral polarization independence for any modulation depth with the proper parameters. The experimental behavior was confirmed by numerical simulations based on the Jones matrix formulation.

PhysicsBirefringencebusiness.industryPhysics::Optics02 engineering and technologyPolarization (waves)Rotation01 natural sciencesAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materials010309 opticsAzimuthAmplitude modulation020210 optoelectronics & photonicsOpticsReflection (mathematics)Transmission (telecommunications)0103 physical sciences0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringFiberElectrical and Electronic EngineeringbusinessOptics & Laser Technology
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Relativistic Neel-order fields induced by electrical current in antiferromagnets

2014

We predict that a lateral electrical current in antiferromagnets can induce non-equilibrium N\'eel order fields, i.e. fields whose sign alternates between the spin sublattices, which can trigger ultra-fast spin-axis reorientation. Based on microscopic transport theory calculations we identify staggered current-induced fields analogous to the intra-band and to the intrinsic inter-band spin-orbit fields previously reported in ferromagnets with a broken inversion-symmetry crystal. To illustrate their rich physics and utility, we considered bulk Mn2Au with the two spin sublattices forming inversion partners, and a 2D square-lattice antiferromagnet with broken structural inversion symmetry model…

PhysicsCondensed Matter - Materials ScienceCondensed matter physicsPoint reflectionGeneral Physics and AstronomyNon-equilibrium thermodynamicsMaterials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)FOS: Physical sciencesTransport theory3. Good healthElectrical currentFerromagnetismQuantum mechanicsAntiferromagnetismCondensed Matter::Strongly Correlated ElectronsUltrashort pulse
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Intraband and interband spin-orbit torques in noncentrosymmetric ferromagnets

2015

Intraband and interband contributions to the current-driven spin-orbit torque in magnetic materials lacking inversion symmetry are theoretically studied using Kubo formula. In addition to the current-driven field-like torque ${\bf T}_{\rm FL}= \tau_{\rm FL}{\bf m}\times{\bf u}_{\rm so}$ (${\bf u}_{\rm so}$ being a unit vector determined by the symmetry of the spin-orbit coupling), we explore the intrinsic contribution arising from impurity-independent interband transitions and producing an anti-damping-like torque of the form ${\bf T}_{\rm DL}= \tau_{\rm DL}{\bf m}\times({\bf u}_{\rm so}\times{\bf m})$. Analytical expressions are obtained in the model case of a magnetic Rashba two-dimension…

PhysicsCondensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale PhysicsAnalytical expressionsCondensed matter physicsPoint reflectionFOS: Physical sciencesMagnetic semiconductorCondensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall EffectCondensed Matter Physics3. Good healthElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialssymbols.namesakeFerromagnetismUnit vectorKubo formulaMesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)symbolsFermi gasHamiltonian (quantum mechanics)Physical Review B
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On the half-metallicity of Co2FeSi Heusler alloy: Point-contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy andab initiostudy

2013

Co2FeSi, a Heusler alloy with the highest magnetic moment per unit cell and the highest Curie temperature, has largely been described theoretically as a half-metal. This conclusion, however, disagrees with point contact Andreev reflection (PCAR) spectroscopy measurements, which give much lower values of spin polarization, P. Here, we present the spin polarization measurements of Co2FeSi by the PCAR technique, along with a thorough computational exploration, within the DFT and a GGA+U approach, of the Coulomb exchange U parameters for Co and Fe atoms, taking into account spin-orbit coupling. We find that the orbital contribution (mo) to the total magnetic moment (mT) is significant, since it…

PhysicsCondensed matter physicsCiencias FísicasMetallicityAlloyHalf-MetallicityAb initio//purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https]engineering.materialCondensed Matter PhysicsHeusler-AlloyElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsAndreev reflection//purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https]Point contactengineeringCo2fesiSpectroscopyPoint-Contact Andreev ReflectionCIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTASFísica de los Materiales CondensadosPhysical Review B
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