Search results for "Regulation of gene expression"
showing 10 items of 490 documents
Muscular transcriptome in postmenopausal women with or without hormone replacement.
2007
The loss of muscle mass and strength with aging is well characterized, but our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of sarcopenia remains incomplete. Although menopause is often accompanied with first signs of age-associated changes in muscle structure and function, the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or menopause-related decline in estrogen production in the muscles of postmenopausal women is not well understood. Furthermore the knowledge of the global transcriptional changes that take place in skeletal muscle in relation to estrogen status has thus far been completely lacking. We used a randomized double-blinded study design together with an explor…
Change in expression of MGMT during maturation of human monocytes into dendritic cells.
2005
Dendritic cells (DCs) maturated from monocytes play an important role in the immune system, not only in defense against conventional infections but also in cancer rejection. Because of the central role of DCs in tumor host defense it is highly important that DCs as well as the progenitor cell population are protected during cancer therapy. Since most anticancer drugs target DNA, the DNA repair capacity is most importance for the response of DCs and their precursor cells. Here, we studied the expression of the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in monocytes obtained from peripheral blood of healthy donors and DCs maturated from monocytes (moDCs). We show that MG…
Hypertonic Stress and Amino Acid Deprivation Both Increase Expression of mRNA for Amino Acid Transport System A
2004
The activity of amino acid transport system A ([Oxender and Christensen, 1963][1]) is regulated in a variety of different ways, the best studied being the increases of its activity caused by starving cells of amino acids or by exposing them to hypertonicity (for review see [McGivan and Pastor-
Activation of classical protein kinase C decreases transport via systems y+and y+L
2007
Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) downregulates the human cationic amino acid transporters hCAT-1 (SLC7A1) and hCAT-3 (SLC7A3) (Rotmann A, Strand D, Martiné U, Closs EI. J Biol Chem 279: 54185–54192, 2004; Rotmann A, Vekony N, Gassner D, Niegisch G, Strand D, Martine U, Closs EI. Biochem J 395: 117–123, 2006). However, others found that PKC increased arginine transport in various mammalian cell types, suggesting that the expression of different arginine transporters might be responsible for the opposite PKC effects. We thus investigated the consequence of PKC activation by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) in various human cell lines expressing leucine-insensitive system y+[hCAT-1, h…
Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Activity in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells Promotes Extracellular Matrix Remodelling and Limits Embryo Invasion
2011
Invasion of the trophoblast into the maternal decidua is regulated by both the trophoectoderm and the endometrial stroma, and entails the action of tissue remodeling enzymes. Trophoblast invasion requires the action of metalloproteinases (MMPs) to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and in turn, decidual cells express tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). The balance between these promoting and restraining factors is a key event for the successful outcome of pregnancy. Gene expression is post-transcriptionally regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) that unpacks condensed chromatin activating gene expression. In this study we analyze the effect of histone acetylation on the expressio…
Glycogen synthase 2 is a novel target gene of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.
2007
International audience; Glycogen synthase 2 (Gys-2) is the ratelimiting enzyme in the storage of glycogen in liver and adipose tissue, yet little is known about regulation of Gys-2 transcription. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism and might be hypothesized to govern glycogen synthesis as well. Here, we show that Gys-2 is a direct target gene of PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta and PPARgamma. Expression of Gys-2 is significantly reduced in adipose tissue of PPARalpha-/-, PPARbeta/delta-/- and PPARgamma+/- mice. Furthermore, synthetic PPARbeta/delta, and gamma agonists markedly up-regulate Gys-2…
Activation of the alternative pathway of complement: efficient fluid-phase amplification by blockade of the regulatory complement protein β1H through…
1981
Current concepts of activation of the alternative pathway of complement (APC) focus on the central role of an amplification mechanism triggered by C3b which is covalently bound to the surfact of activating substances. Using sulfated polyanions as model substances, an efficient fluid-phase activation of complement is demonstrated in contrast to solid-phase activation. It is shown that particulate high-molecular weight sulfated polyanions are capable of reversible binding the guinea pig and human regulatory protein beta1H. This fixation leads to an extensive activation of C3 and factor B because the regulatory function of beta1H is blocked in the fluid-phase C3b-dependent amplification system…
Amyloid-β toxicity and tau hyperphosphorylation are linked via RCAN1 in Alzheimer's disease.
2011
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) toxicity and tau hyperphosphorylation are hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). How their molecular relationships may affect the etiology, progression, and severity of the disease, however, has not been elucidated. We now report that incubation of foetal rat cortical neurons with Aβ up-regulates expression of the Regulator of Calcineurin gene RCAN1, and this is mediated by Aβ-induced oxidative stress. Calcineurin (PPP3CA) is a serine-threonine phosphatase that dephosphorylates tau. RCAN1 proteins inhibit this phosphatase activity of calcineurin. Increased expression of RCAN1 also causes up-regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3β), a tau kinase. Thus, incr…
The anti-inflammatory fungal compound (S)-curvularin reduces proinflammatory gene expression in an in vivo model of rheumatoid arthritis.
2012
In previous studies, we identified the fungal macrocyclic lactone (S)-curvularin (SC) as an anti-inflammatory agent using a screening system detecting inhibitors of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether SC is able to decrease proinflammatory gene expression in an in vivo model of a chronic inflammatory disease. Therefore, the effects of SC and dexamethasone were compared in the model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Total genomic microarray analyses were performed to identify SC target genes. In addition, in human C28/I2 chondrocytes and MonoMac6 monocytes, the effect of SC on proi…
Inhibition of liver trans-sulphuration pathway by propargylglycine mimics gene expression changes found in the mammary gland of weaned lactating rats…
2003
In the lactatingmammary gland, weaning produces mitochondrial cytochrome c release and nuclear DNA fragmentation, as determined by gel electrophoresis. This is followed by a significant decrease in lactation. Weaning for 2 h produces an early induction of the tumour suppressor/transcription factor p53, whereas the oncoprotein c-Jun and c-Jun N-terminal kinase are elevated after 24 h of weaning when compared with controls. The expression of p21cip1 and p27kip1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, was significantly higher in weaned rats when compared with control lactating rats. All the changes mentioned above also happen in the lactatingmammary gland when propargylglycine, an inhibitor of th…