Search results for "Reign"

Projekt komputu armii litewskiej z 1703 r. wraz z podziałem na poszczególne chorągwie i regimenty

2017

W niniejszym artykule zostaje wprowadzone do obiegu naukowego nowe źródło do badań nad historią armii litewskiej w okresie wielkiej wojny północnej (1700–1721), którym jest projekt komputu z 1703 r. Znajduje się on w Bibliotece Kórnickiej Polskiej Akademii Nauk w rękopisie o sygnaturze 985. W inwentarzu rękopisów biblioteki widnieje natomiast jako komput z 1706 r. Trudno jednak ustalić faktyczną datę jego powstania. Możliwe jest jedynie oszacowanie pewnych cezur. Sporządzony został na pewno przed 27 listopada 1703 r. (wprowadzenie w życie postanowień rady senatu w Jaworowie o pozbawieniu urzędów Sapiehów). Natomiast prawdopodobnie powstał przed lub w trakcie sejmu lubelskiego (11 czerwca – …

The African Legal Support Facility as a Tool against Vulture Funds

2012

The article describes the action of vulture funds in enforcing sovereign debts against countries and the tools adopted to address the issue.

Stochastic debt sustainability analysis for sovereigns and the scope for optimization modeling

2017

We argue that sovereign debt sustainability analysis must be augmented by stochastic correlated risk factors and a risk measure to capture tail effects. Crisis situations can thus be adequately specified and analyzed with sufficient accuracy to warrant the relevance of policy decisions. In this context there is significant scope for optimization modeling for both strategic planning and operational management. We discuss diverse aspects of the problem of debt sustainability and highlight modeling approaches that can be brought to bear on the problem. Results with the fictitious, but nor unrealistic, Kingdom of Atlantis, which is sinking under excessive debt, illustrate the proposed models.

Constructing Knowledge through a Role-Play in a Web-Based Learning Environment

2003

This study aimed to find out how and on what level the students of two separate secondary schools shared and constructed knowledge on imperialism by interacting through historical role characters in a Web-based environment. Furthermore, the study aimed to find out how social and contextual features affected the nature of knowledge sharing and construction. The data about the history project were gathered by various means in order to validate the findings of the case study. The results demonstrated that the level of the Web-based messages remained quite low. Also the use of the Web-based environment in terms of shared knowledge construction was rather weak. In comparison, different instruct…

How costly are debt crises?

2011

The aim of this paper is to assess the short- and medium-term impact of debt crises on GDP. Using an unbalanced panel of 154 countries from 1970 to 2008, the paper shows that debt crises produce significant and long-lasting output losses, reducing output by about 10 percent after eight years. The results also suggest that debt crises tend to be more detrimental than banking and currency crises. The significance of the results is robust to different specifications, identification and endogeneity checks, and datasets.

Spatial fragmentation of, and US support for, the main multilateral institutions of the western order

2017

The growth of China-led minilateral initiatives mostly of a regional character has challenged the main multilateral institutions of the Western order and, ultimately, US authority. Faced with a progressive delegitimation of the institutional architecture that it promoted after World War II, the US, under the Obama administration, has acted to defend the existing main multilateral institutions of the order (UN, IMF, WB and WTO), attributing them with a strategic role. More than being radical, though, the reforms enacted have been incremental and pragmatic, but always imperfect. More importantly, they have not altered US influence, which is exercised mostly through informal means. This, howev…

Akadēmiskā Dzīve, 47.krājums

2011

Multispectrum fits for line mixing in the ν3 band Q branch of methane

2003

International audience; First-order line-mixing coefficients and model relaxation matrix element scaling factors have been obtained for allowed transitions in the nu3 band Q branch of CH4 broadened by H2, He, N2, O2, Ar, and CH4. The broadening, shifting, Dicke-narrowing, and line-mixing parameters are determined by simultaneous least-squares fitting of spectra at pressures from 0.014 to 66.66 kPa recorded with a high-resolution difference-frequency laser. These results confirm, improve, and extend a previous analysis of the lower pressure (613.3 kPa) data [A.S. Pine, J. Chem. Phys. 97 (1992) 773] which yielded averaged coefficients of individually fit spectra where adjacent broadened lines…

Martinus Garatus Laudensis on Treaties

2004

Introduction Martinus Garatus Laudensis' De confaederatione, pace et conventionibus principum is widely acknowledged as one of the first monographic works on the law of treaties. Whatever the merits of such a characterisation, there is a risk that it may obfuscate some of that work's essential features in its proper legal-historical context. Before considering the substance of the work, it is therefore necessary to consider some of its formal features, if only as a general methodological caveat. Martinus Garatus on the prince and the law Before the second half of the seventeenth century, legal monographs on treaties are scarce. That, of course, does not mean that the rich civil and canon la…

Au cœur des combats juridiques

2007

In the Heart of Legal Fights- Thoughts and reports of committed jurists Forty Lawyers fighting for human values have written this book. Explaining and reporting from these experiences, they have delivered this report on our légal system, its failures and qualities.