Search results for "Relative risk"
showing 10 items of 303 documents
Comparison of the ability of alternative birthweight and fetal weight standards to identify preterm newborns at increased risk of perinatal death
2013
Objective To compare prediction of perinatal deaths among preterm infants based on fetal weight standards versus a new subpopulation-based birthweight standard. Design Population-based cohort study. Setting France. Population A total of 9100 preterm singletons, born between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation in 2000–09, in Burgundy (France). Methods We first classified all newborns as either small for gestational age (SGA) or not, based on alternative fetal weight or birthweight standards, including a new birthweight standard that excludes infants born to mothers with disease related to the weight of a fetus. Based on discrepancies between the different classifications, we then divided the newbor…
Urinary Albumin Excretion
2005
During the past few years, a subtle increase in urinary albumin excretion (UAE) not detectable by routine methods, microalbuminuria, has become a prognostic marker for cardiovascular and/or renal risk in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Consequently, microalbuminuria assessment is now recommended in a risk stratification strategy not only in diabetic subjects but also for hypertension management. Microalbuminuria is defined as UAE from 30 to 300 mg/24 hours or equivalent amounts using timed overnight or spot urine samples (Table). The definition comes from studies that have established its value as a marker of risk for nephropathy in diabetic subjects. When the potential prognostic value …
Prevention of eating disorders-Efficacy and cost-benefit of a school-based program ("MaiStep") in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).
2021
Objective Given the severity of eating disorders, effective and easily implementable prevention programs which reduce incidence rates and in addition have health-economic benefits are essential. The majority of research on prevention programs focuses on questionnaire-based efficacy or the reduction of eating disorder symptoms while neglecting the health-economic perspective. By contrast, the present study focuses on both an efficacy analysis considering diagnostic criteria (DSM-5) and on evaluating the cost-benefit of a universal prevention program for eating disorders ("MaiStep"). Method A three-arm randomized controlled trial with baseline, posttreatment and 12-month follow-up was conduct…
Hemodynamic Monitoring in Patients With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
2020
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) often causes cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Therapeutic strategies can be guided by standard (invasive arterial/central venous pressure measurements, fluid balance assessment), and/or advanced (pulse index continuous cardiac output, pulse dye densitometry, pulmonary artery catheterization) hemodynamic monitoring. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to determine whether standard compared with advanced hemodynamic monitoring can improve patient management and clinical outcomes after aSAH. A literature search was performed for articles published between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2019. Studies involving aSAH patients …
Epidemiological evaluation of intraoperative antibiosis as a protective agent against endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.
2006
PURPOSE To evaluate risk factors for endophthalmitis after cataract surgery and to retest recent findings on the protective effect of intraoperative antibiosis and the promoting effect of the clear corneal as compared to sclerocorneal incision. DESIGN Survey study. PARTICIPANTS Five hundred thirty-eight ophthalmosurgical centers in Germany. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Responder specific endophthalmitis incidence. RESULTS A total of 310 (58%) questionnaires were computed resulting in an overall count of 404 356 cataract surgeries and 291 self-reported endophthalmitis cases (crude rate 0.072%). The risk of postoperative endophthalmitis for sclerocorneal versus clear corneal incisions was not signifi…
Optimised versus standard dosing of vancomycin in infants with Gram-positive sepsis (NeoVanc): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 2b, non-i…
2022
Summary Background Vancomycin is the most widely used antibiotic for neonatal Gram-positive sepsis, but clinical outcome data of dosing strategies are scarce. The NeoVanc programme comprised extensive preclinical studies to inform a randomised controlled trial to assess optimised vancomycin dosing. We compared the efficacy of an optimised regimen to a standard regimen in infants with late onset sepsis that was known or suspected to be caused by Gram-positive microorganisms. Methods NeoVanc was an open-label, multicentre, phase 2b, parallel-group, randomised, non-inferiority trial comparing the efficacy and toxicity of an optimised regimen of vancomycin to a standard regimen in infants aged …
The world of twins: an update
2010
In last years, owing to the widespread availability of assisted-reproduction technology, multiple pregnancy rates in Western countries have increased. In twin pregnancies, an increased rate of gestational complications, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm birth and severe perinatal conditions is present. These complications are more frequent in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins as well as an increased relative risk of chromosomal abnormalities and congenital malformation. Monochorionic twins are at higher risk for complications, since they share a common placenta where an imbalance in unidirectional arteriovenous anastomoses can lead to twin#x2013;twin transfusion sy…
VI: Konfidenzintervalle - die Alternative zum p-Wert
2003
Confidence intervals combine the ideas of clinical relevance and statistical significance by using one instructive expression, which enables remarkable reduction of table structures and result sections in scientific publications. Confidence interval based conclusions can be transferred from a clinical trial to its underlying study population with respect to a residual statistical error probability, i.e. the significance concept is retained. However, their presentation using the original unit of the clinical endpoint under consideration allows for immediate interpretation of the results' clinical impact. For example, the comparison of two therapy groups based on a binary endpoint becomes fea…
Muscle strength before and mortality after a bone fracture in older people
2002
We studied whether muscle strength measured before a bone fracture predicts mortality following the fracture. The participants were a sub-cohort of 82 people of a total of 493 Evergreen project participants initially aged 75- and 80 years, who had participated in knee extension strength tests as part of the baseline examinations, and who subsequently suffered at least one bone fracture. Maximal isometric knee extension strength was measured at baseline using an adjustable dynamometer chair. Fracture surveillance was carried out from patient records for 5 years, and mortality surveillance from population register for 10 years after baseline examinations. Average time till a fracture occurred…
Cancer-Associated Deep Vein Thrombosis: The Role of Residual Vein Thrombosis for Assessing the Duration of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (the EXTENDED…
2014
Abstract Introduction. The optimal duration of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) after cancer associated deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is unknown; current guidelines suggest to prolong anticoagulation until cancer is active. We have recently demonstrated, in a randomized trial, that detection of Residual Vein Thrombosis (RVT) after 6 months of LMWH identify patients who require or not extension of therapy with anticoagulants (JCO in press). Now we present data of a prospective study evaluating a RVT-based management of patients with cancer-associated DVT, in whom LMWH has been extended up to 2 years in patients considered at high-risk for recurrent DVT because of persistence of RVT. Material…