Search results for "Relativism"
showing 10 items of 85 documents
La transvaloración de las perspectivas. Nietzsche y la crítica de la cultura desde el punto de vista del valor
2018
El artículo analiza el estrecho vínculo entre perspectivismo, genealogía y fisiología en la filosofía de Nietzsche. La tesis cardinal es que el punto de vista del valor es más fundamental que el de la verdad. El método genealógico posibilita el estudio de las condiciones de conservación y crecimiento de los puntos de vista y los valo- res, siguiendo el hilo conductor del cuerpo, con el objetivo de crear nuevos resortes de sentido y salir del nihilismo. Se presta especial atención a la tensión entre dogmatismo y relativismo. Final- mente expongo la noción de “cría” (Züchtung), que posibilita un cuestionamiento radical de la cultura y pone de relieve el carácter fisiológico de la moral. The a…
Submitting “Alternative Facts” to Debate: A Weberian Perspective on Post-truth Politics
2018
'Oxford Dictionaries' chose “post-truth” as the “Word of the Year 2016”, while the association of German linguists (Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache) did the same for '“postfaktische Politik'”. “Alternative facts”, launched by Kellyanne Conway concerning the attendance at Donald Trump’s inaugural, was a third variant in this cluster. In this article, I shall discuss Max Weber’s parliamentary perspective on the critique of given facts and of the powers of science in relation to the debates around post-truth politics. A critical assessment of Leo Strauss’s critique of Weber as a nihilist and relativist introduces the problematic. One aim of the article is to illustrate how even trivial sloga…
The Relativity of Knowledge
2020
The three central themes of epistemological relativism are the relativity of truth, knowledge and reality. In the previous chapter, I demonstrated how the relativity of truth could be given a well-founded formulation by setting truth claims in relation to context and points of view—without renouncing the concept of an objective truth. In this chapter, I will examine the relativity of knowledge in regard to justifying it. The traditional theory of knowledge is individualistic, while viewpoint relativism leads to communal epistemology, where knowing is always in relation to a community. I will begin my analysis from the classical concept of knowledge, which can be considered the basic definit…
Oggettivismo e relativismo: alcune definizioni e una proposta
2009
Conoscenza e percezione: epistemologie cognitiviste e naturalizzazione del relativismo
2010
Relativism and Realism in the Philosophy of Science
2020
The philosophy of science is an important field of philosophy, where relativism and realism meet. The philosophy of science studies the nature of scientific knowledge, general justifications and scientific activity. Many of the things I have discussed in the previous chapters are also relevant for the philosophy of science. Scientific realism has been one of the most significant movements in the philosophy of science. However, its problems have paved the way for perspectivism, according to which perspectives (points of view) are a part of all scientific activity, from observations to theoretical assumptions. I will show that scientific realism could not be defended using a Tarskian semantic…
La perspectiva intercultural. Ortega y la hermenéutica
2018
En este artículo presento la perspectiva intercultural a partir de la doctrina orteguiana del punto de vista. Aunque Ortega no emplea en sus escritos el término “intercultural”, expongo de qué modo es posible entender su perspectivismo en términos interculturales. Para ello además de conectarlo con los planteamientos de dos de los principales autores de la tradición hermenéutica como son Hans-Georg Gadamer y Charles Taylor, destaco la dimensión intercultural de su perspectivismo. A lo largo del artículo critico posturas deficientes como son el relativismo, el etnocentrismo, el positivismo, el culturalismo y la beatería de la cultura. In this article, I present the intercultural perspective …
The Historical Background of Relativism
2020
Epistemological relativism has been defended and criticised since ancient philosophy (Baghramian M, Relativism. Routledge, London, 2004). At the beginning of this chapter, I create a short introduction to the history and development of epistemological relativism from Protagoras to today’s relativists. After this, I introduce a few philosophers who have been significant in the development of relativism. First, I introduce Kant’s understanding of knowledge and its construction. Then, I bring forth two notable perspectivists. G. W. Leibniz claimed in his book, Monadology (1898), that every monad has its own perspective of reality. The diversity of perspectives is one of the riches of the world…
Phenomenological Paths to Metaphysics
1991
Fifty years after Husserl’s death it is becoming more necessary than ever to give deep thought to the fundamental aspirations of his phenomenology: to lay the foundations of philosophy as opposed to that naturalist, positivist, and objectivist rationality which leads to relativism and skepticism. Husserl’s attempt to create a first philosophy as a framework for philosophical rationality, by itself enough with which to conduct human life, should be reconsidered, since yet again we are living in a cultural situation where the power of facts prevails over the force of reason.
Comprensión del sentido y normas de racionalidad. Una defensa de Peter Winch
1998
El artículo responde a dos objetivos principales. El primero es examinar la noción de acción significativa como elemento central de la filosofía de la ciencia social de Peter Winch, que sitúa a ésta en la órbita de una concepción hermenéutica de la ciencia social, conforme a la cual el científico social pretende un tipo de comprensión del sentido de las acciones humanas que depende de su conexión simbólica con reglas sociales. El segundo objetivo es examinar la aplicación que hace Winch de su teoría de la acción humana al ámbito de la comprensión intercultural y argumentar que, frente al modelo de la traducción, Winch propone una interpretación pragmática de las reglas sociales basada en la…