Search results for "Renal cortex"
showing 10 items of 172 documents
Defining moderate asthma exacerbations in clinical trials based on ATS/ERS joint statement
2015
Background Exacerbations are a key outcome in clinical research, providing patient-relevant information about symptomatic control, health state and disease progression. Generally considered as an episode of (sub)acute deterioration of respiratory symptoms, a precise, clinically useful definition is needed for use in clinical trials. Aim and methods Focussing on moderate exacerbations, this opinion piece reviews landmark trials and current guidelines to provide a practical definition of a moderate exacerbation. Specifically, we adapt the ATS/ERS consensus statement of terminology Reddel et al. (2009) [1] which provides a conceptual (or 'theoretical') definition for moderate exacerbations, to…
What drives inhaler prescription for asthma patients? Results from a real-life retrospective analysis
2020
Abstract Background The choice of inhaler device for asthma patients depends upon multiple attributes. We investigated factors that may drive general practitioners (GPs) and respiratory specialists in the prescription of inhaler devices for asthma patients who initiated inhalation therapy. Methods We retrospectively analysed prescriptions by GPs and respiratory specialists to asthma patients commencing inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist combination therapy available as both pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Patient characteristics were compared by device and multivariate analysis was used to model the likelihood of receiving a pMDI as oppos…
Advances in asthma pathophysiology: stepping forward from the Maurizio Vignola experience
2015
Maurizio Vignola was a superb and innovative researcher, who wrote seminal papers on the biology of airway epithelium in asthma. Inflammation and remodelling were the main topics of his research, mostly conducted in biopsy specimens from patients with asthma of variable severity, encompassing the entire spectrum of the disease from mild to severe asthma. His observations contributed to define the biology of asthma as we know it today, and opened the way to the personalised treatment of asthma. His group has successfully continued to investigate the biology and clinical aspects of bronchial asthma, with major interest in the clinical use of biomarkers to monitor disease activity, and in the …
Indacaterol/glycopyrronium/mometasone fixed dose combination for uncontrolled asthma
2021
INTRODUCTION Asthma symptoms can be relieved through a maintenance treatment combining long-acting β2-agonist and inhaled corticosteroids (LABA/ICS). However, for patients with inadequately controlled asthma, the LABA/ICS combination might not be sufficient. Under these conditions, clinical guidelines recommend the administration of inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) as an add-on therapy to LABA/ICS to better control asthma and improve lung function. For nearly two decades, the only LAMA to be approved on the market has been tiotropium. AREAS COVERED We reviewed recent clinical studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of LABA/LAMA/ICS fixed dose combinations by searching Pu…
A survey on features of allergic rhinitis in children
2013
Objective: A number of epidemiologic studies evaluated the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR), but few data are available on its different clinical presentations. We addressed this survey to assess the features of AR in children and adolescents. Methods: Thirty-five centers in Italy included 2623 pediatric patients with rhinitis, of whom 2319 suffered from AR, while 304 had other kinds of rhinitis. For each patient a standardized questionnaire was filled in, including ARIA classification, the duration of symptoms, the allergen identified as clinically relevant, the co-morbidities, the kind of treatment, the response to treatment, the satisfaction with the treatment, and the feasibility of…
Use of ICS in COPD: From Blockbuster Medicine to Precision Medicine
2017
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality worldwide, whose burden is expected to increase in the next decades, because of numerous risk factors, including the aging of the population. COPD is both preventable and treatable by an effective management including risk factor reduction, prevention, assessment, and treatment of acute exacerbations and co-morbidities. The available agents approved for COPD treatment are long-acting or ultra-long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) bronchodilators, as well as inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in combination with LABAs. ICS use has been restricted only to selected COPD patients by th…
The Effect of Tiotropium in Symptomatic Asthma Despite Low- to Medium-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroids: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
2014
BackgroundTiotropium, a once-daily long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator, has demonstrated efficacy in patients with asthma who were symptomatic despite treatment with medium- to high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-daily tiotropium Respimat (5 μg or 2.5 μg), compared with placebo Respimat, as add-on therapy to low- to medium-dose ICS for adults with symptomatic asthma.MethodsA phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted (NCT01316380). Adults with symptomatic asthma receiving low- to medium-dose ICS (200-400 μg budesonide or equivalent dose) and a pre-bronchodilator forced expira…
S2k guideline for treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus - guided by the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) in cooperation with the European Academ…
2016
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a rare inflammatory autoimmune disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. To date, no therapeutic agents have been licensed specifically for patients with this disease entity, and topical and systemic drugs are mostly used 'off-label'. The aim of the present guideline was to achieve a broad consensus on treatment strategies for patients with CLE by a European subcommittee, guided by the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) and supported by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV). In total, 16 European participants were included in this project and agreed on all recommendations. Topical corticosteroids remain the mainstay of trea…
Über funktionelle Beziehungen zwischen der Zona glomerulosa der NNR und den Epitheloidzellen des juxtaglomerulären Apparates der Niere aus morphologi…
1963
Tierexperimentell wurde an Ratten die Korrelation zwischen den Funktionszustanden der Z.glomerulosa und der epitheloiden Zellen des juxtaglomerularen Apparates der Niere untersucht. Hierbei zeigte sich, das Da das Angiotensin als Reaktionsprodukt des in den epitheloiden Zellen produzierten Renins anzusehen ist, wird aus diesen Befunden und den Angaben der Literatur der Schlus gezogen, das diese morphologischen Veranderungen Ausdruck einesReglersystems sind, in dem die epitheloiden Zellen die Struktur und Funktion der Z.glomerulosa der NNR steuern.
Geranylgeranyl as well as farnesyl moiety is transferred to Ras p21 overproduced in adrenocortical cells transformed by c-Ha-rasEJ oncogene.
1997
The ras-transformed newborn rat adrenocortical (RTAC) cells were obtained by transfection with the mutated c-Ha-rasEJ oncogene. They are proliferative and tumorigenic cells characterized by expression of the c-Ha-rasEJ oncogene and overexpression of a wild-type ras oncogene. The overproduced Ras p21 was identified here as Ki-Ras p21 by western blotting using a specific anti-Ki-Ras monoclonal antibody. Radioactivity derived from [14C]mevalonolactone was strongly incorporated into Ras p21 overproduced in RTAC cells. RTAC cells pretreated with lovastatin and labeled with either [3H]geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate or [3H]farnesyl-pyrophosphate incorporated also radioactivity into Ras p21. These re…