Search results for "Renal function"
showing 10 items of 381 documents
Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation and Study of Diabetic Nephropathy with Atrasentan : what …
2019
Albuminuria; Atrasentan; Canagliflozin Albuminuria; Atrasentan; Canagliflozina Albuminúria; Atrasentan; Canagliflozina In April 2019, two major Phase 3 randomized clinical trials were published that assessed primary renal outcomes in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) tested an already available antidiabetic drug, canagliflozin, and the Study of Diabetic Nephropathy with Atrasentan (SONAR) tested a novel molecule, the endothelin-1 receptor blocker atrasentan, both on top of renin-angiotensin system blockade. Both trials demonstrated significant nephroprot…
Rat proximal tubule D-glucose transport as a function of concentration, flow, and radius
1972
From earlier microperfusion studies ofD-glucose and water reabsorption in the proximal surface nephron of the rat,D-glucose was found to be removed by a saturable carrier and by an apparent coupling with net fluid reabsorption. Equations appropriate to describe this system were developed. They incorporated carrier-mediatedD-glucose transport, net water transport, and water-coupled solute transport. Water reabsorption was assumed to be constant either per unit surface area, or per unit volume of the nephron, and the rate of carrier-transportedD-glucose was assumed constant per unit length, per unit surface area, or per unit volume of the tubule. The possibility thatD-glucose could be reabsor…
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis due to glue sniffing
1987
A 16-year-old girl developed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and renal failure. The disease was associated with high titres of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies in serum, linear deposits of immunoglobulin G and diffuse epithelial crescents on renal biopsy. Past history revealed heavy smoking and deliberate sniffing of Pattex glue, a mixture of hydrocarbons which possibly may affect the structure of glomerular basement membrane. After treatment by repeated plasmapheresis and drug immunosuppression autoantibodies disappeared from serum but renal function was not influenced. Renal damage is a potential hazard for glue sniffing adolescents.
A new principle to normalize plasma concentrations allowing single-sample clearance determinations in both children and adults.
1992
A sufficiently accurate quantification of renal function requiring only one plasma sample without an additional gamma-camera study has, until now, only been possible in adults. A new principle will be presented here allowing the universal application of known algorithms, regardless of the clearance substance used, by normalizing the plasma concentrations with respect to the individual body dimensions of the patients - for infants as well as for adults. In this respect, algorithms are developed for clearance determinations using technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc-MAG3), which are based on steady-state studies as the reference. They allow the calculation of quantitative clearance …
Disposition of azapropazone in chronic renal and hepatic failure.
1981
The disposition of azapropazone 600 mg i.v. was investigated in 6 healthy subjects, 13 patients with cirrhosis and 8 patients with renal failure. In healthy subjects the elimination half-life was 12.2±2.1 h (mean ± SD), the volume of distribution 10.6±3.31 and the total clearance was 597±135 ml·h−1. Renal clearance accounted for about 62% of the total clearance. The free fraction of azapropazone in the plasma was 0.0045±0.0006. The patients with cirrhosis were divided into Group I with modest and Group II with severe impairment of liver function. In Group I the total clearance of azapropazone was not significantly different from that in healthy subjects. There was a 2.5-fold increase in its…
In renal transplanted patients inflammation and oxidative stress are interrelated.
2006
Introduction: The inflammatory state plays a well-documented role to cause oxidative stress, especially in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, wherein several cardiovascular risk factors are amplified by the coexistence of a microinflammatory state with increased oxidative stress. Methods: We measured serum concentrations of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α-in vivo oxidative stress marker) in 15 chronic renal failure (CRF) and 15 transplant patients versus 15 healthy controls. Exclusion criteria were: age 65 years as well as a diagnosis of diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated systolic (SBP) and …
Serum Concentration of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Is Independently Associated with Global Platelet Function and Higher Fibrinogen Values in Adu…
2017
AbstractGrowth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) has recently emerged as a strong and independent predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this important association remain speculative. This study was aimed to investigate the potential associations between the serum concentration of GDF-15 and clinical or laboratory parameters in a population of ostensibly healthy subjects. The study population consisted of 44 healthy volunteers enrolled from the laboratory staff (14 males and 30 females; mean age, 47 ± 11 years), who had their blood collected for assessing complete blood cell count, GDF-15, serum creatinine, albumin, cardiac t…
Association of SNPs with the efficacy and safety of immunosuppressant therapy after heart transplantation.
2015
Aim: Studying the possible influence of SNPs on efficacy and safety of calcineurin inhibitors upon heart transplantation. Materials & methods: In 60 heart transplant patients treated with tacrolimus or cyclosporine, we studied a panel of 36 SNPs correlated with a series of clinical parameters during the first post-transplantation year. Results: The presence of serious infections was correlated to ABCB1 rs1128503 (p = 0.012), CC genotype reduced the probability of infections being also associated with lower blood cyclosporine concentrations. Lower renal function levels were found in patients with rs9282564 AG (p = 0.003), related to higher blood cyclosporine blood levels. A tendency tow…
Comparison of cystatin C and creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate formulas with 51Cr-EDTA clearance in patients with cirrhosis
2011
Renal function is an important predictor of survival in cirrhosis and liver transplantation. GFR estimates using serum cystatin C (CysC) are proposed as better predictors of renal function than ones on the basis of serum creatinine (Cr). Our aims were: (1) evaluate correlations between serum CysC and different methods of creatinine measurements; (2) compare CysC and Cr GFR formulas with (51)Cr-EDTA; and (3) evaluate liver-related parameters potentially influencing GFR.254 blood samples in 65 patients with cirrhosis correlating CysC with four Cr methods were used; another 74 patients comparing (51)Cr-EDTA GFR to Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Larsson and Hoek formulas for CysC wer…
Switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide or dual therapy-based regimens in HIV-infected individuals with viral load ≤50 …
2020
Our aim was to evaluate the association between recent eGFR values and risk of switching from TDF to TAF or dual therapy (DT) in real life. HIV-positive patients achieving HIV-RNA ≤50 copies/mL for the first time after starting a TDF-based regimen were included. Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves and Cox regression models were used to estimate the time from TDF to switch to TAF or DT. 1486 participants were included: median (IQR) age 36 (30–42) years; baseline CKD-EPI eGFR 99.92 (86.47–111.4) mL/min/1.73m2. We observed a consistently higher proportion of people with HIV-RNA ≤50 copies/mL who switched from TDF to TAF rather than to DT. By competing risk analysis, at 2 years from baseline, the probabil…