Search results for "Reoviridae"
showing 10 items of 32 documents
Safety and immunogenicity of RIX4414 live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine in adults, toddlers and previously uninfected infants
2003
Abstract A live attenuated human rotavirus (HRV) vaccine, strain RIX4414, was tested sequentially in adults, previously infected toddlers, and previously uninfected infants. A single dose was given to adults and toddlers and found well tolerated. Next, a dose ranging (three different viral concentrations) safety and immunogenicity study was conducted in rotavirus IgA antibody negative infants (N=192), who received two doses of RIX4414 vaccine or placebo at 2 and 4 months of age. No side effects were seen after vaccination. Specifically, administration of RIX4414 vaccine was not temporally associated with fever, diarrhea, or increase in liver transaminases. Rotavirus IgA seroconversion range…
Rotavirus genotypes co-circulating in Europe between 2006 and 2009 as determined by EuroRotaNet, a pan-European collaborative strain surveillance net…
2011
SUMMARYEuroRotaNet, a laboratory network, was established in order to determine the diversity of co-circulating rotavirus strains in Europe over three or more rotavirus seasons from 2006/2007 and currently includes 16 countries. This report highlights the tremendous diversity of rotavirus strains co-circulating in the European population during three years of surveillance since 2006/2007 and points to the possible origins of these strains including genetic reassortment and interspecies transmission. Furthermore, the ability of the network to identify strains circulating with an incidence of ⩾1% allowed the identification of possible emerging strains such as G8 and G12 since the beginning of…
Anti-rotavirus Antibodies in Human Milk
2006
To analyze anti-rotavirus antibodies in human milk in order to determine their isotypes and neutralizing activity on rotavirus strains representing different viral serotypes.One hundred seventy-three milk samples (65 colostrum, 55 transitional milk and 53 mature milk) obtained from 65 mothers were analyzed along with 49 serum samples collected just before delivery. Total immunoglobulin A (IgA) and rotavirus-specific IgA and immunoglobulins G (IgG) antibodies were determined in milk and serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neutralizing activity was evaluated by an immunoperoxidase focus reduction assay. Milk IgA was purified by binding to the lectin jacalin, elution and ultrafiltratio…
Humoral immune response to rotavirus NSP4 enterotoxin in Spanish children.
2005
The rotavirus non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) has been shown to play a crucial role in rotavirus-induced diarrhea, acting as a viral enterotoxin. It has also been demonstrated that antibody to NSP4 can reduce the severity of rotavirus-induced diarrhea in newborn mice. Two recombinant baculoviruses, expressing the NSP4 protein from the SA11 and Wa rotavirus strains, genotypes A and B, respectively, were used to produce and purify these glycoproteins, which were applied as antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to test the specific antibody response to NSP4 in human sera. Serum samples from 30 children convalescing from a rotavirus infection, from 54 healthy children under 5-…
VP7 and VP4 Sequence Analyses of Rotavirus Strains From Italian Children With Viraemia and Acute Diarrhoea
2010
Background: Rotavirus has a high genetic variability. Point mutations, accumulating at a high rate, and genetic reassortment events have been well-documented. Viremia occurs commonly in children with acute rotavirus diarrhoea. However, information on genetic characterization of strains associated with systemic infection is poor. Objective: We evaluated prospectively children hospitalized for acute rotavirus diarrhoea and genotyped strains obtained from blood and stool samples. Nucleotide sequences within the VP4 ad VP7 genes of strains obtained from blood and stool specimens of the same patient were compared. Methods: Study subjects were 11 children admitted with acute rotavirus diarrhoea, …
Enteric calicivirus and rotavirus infections in domestic pigs
2009
SUMMARYWe report the prevalence of rotavirus and calicivirus infections, along with their respective association with diarrhoea in the porcine population of the region of northern Spain. A total of 221 samples were collected at random from different farms in the region and from the main slaughterhouse facility in the city of Zaragoza. Faecal samples were scored as diarrhoeic or normal and grouped into five groups to match general farm management and age criteria: group I (suckling 0–4 weeks), group II (weaning >4–8 weeks), group III (transition >8–16 weeks), group IV (fattening >16–24 weeks) and group V (adults >24 weeks). Group A rotavirus detection and caliciviruses were inves…
Distribution of VP7 serotypes and VP4 genotypes among rotavirus strains recovered from Italian children with diarrhea
1997
108 rotavirus strains obtained from children with diarrhea hospitalized in Palermo, Italy, in the years 1990-1994, were examined by seminested PCR to study the relative frequency and distribution of the four most common alleles of the gene 4. Such strains were selected from 344 human rotavirus strains recovered in palermo during those years after characterization by electropherotyping, subgrouping and G serotyping. One hundred and seven of the 108 strains could be classified into P types, the P[8], G1 (38.3%) and the P[8], G4 (52.3%) types being predominant. The unique strain whose P genotype could not be identified showed an unusual combination of long migration electrophoretic pattern and…
Sequential variation in genomic RNA patterns of human rotaviruses isolated from infantile gastroenteritis
1986
The incidence and RNA electrophoretypes of rotaviral isolates obtained from infants and young children with acute gastroenteritis were studied from October, 1985 through April, 1986. Analysis of the viral RNA was carried out by Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. Fourteen electrophoretypes were identified. A single dominant electrophoretype was found during the first months of the rotavirus seasonal outbreak. In contrast, a large variety of RNA patterns were observed during the latter portion of the study period. Subgrouping of rotavirus isolates by a double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal-detecting antibodies showed that all strains b…
Rotavirus and not age determines gastroenteritis severity in children: a hospital-based study.
2007
Background The severity of childhood gastroenteritis is generally believed to be age-related rather than aetiologyrelated. Rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis is more severe than gastroenteritis caused by other enteric pathogens and is also age-related. We thus addressed the question of whether the increased severity of rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis is related to age or to features intrinsic to the agent. Study design In this multicentre, hospital-based, prospective survey, we evaluated the severity of diarrhoea in rotavirus-positive and rotavirus-negative children up to 4 years of age. Severity was assessed with a score in four groups of age-matched children. Results Rotavirus was detect…
Nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in Spain: a multicenter prospective study.
2009
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis among children <2 years of age. METHODS We conducted a prospective active surveillance for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in the pediatric wards of 3 representative hospitals in Valencia (Spain) from October 2006 to March 2007, among children between 1 and 23 months of age with acute diarrhea. Children were followed up for 3 days after discharge. We obtained clinical and demographic information from participants and tested their stool specimens for rotavirus. RESULTS A total of 1576 children were hospitalized at the 3 hospitals and 1300 (82.5%) were followed up as the study cohort. In 69 …