Search results for "Research Design"
showing 10 items of 487 documents
Selection bias was reduced by recontacting nonparticipants
2016
Objective One of the main goals of health examination surveys is to provide unbiased estimates of health indicators at the population level. We demonstrate how multiple imputation methods may help to reduce the selection bias if partial data on some nonparticipants are collected. Study Design and Setting In the FINRISK 2007 study, a population-based health study conducted in Finland, a random sample of 10,000 men and women aged 25–74 years were invited to participate. The study included a questionnaire data collection and a health examination. A total of 6,255 individuals participated in the study. Out of 3,745 nonparticipants, 473 returned a simplified questionnaire after a recontact. Both…
The role of self-compassion in the relationship between attachment, depression, and quality of life.
2019
Abstract Background Self-compassion may be shaped by early attachment experiences, and has been linked to mental health and well-being. This study examined the role of two distinct features of self-compassion, self-warmth and self-coldness, in the relationship between attachment insecurity and depression as well as quality of life in a general population sample in Germany. Methods Participants (N = 2,253; 53.4% female, Mage 50 years) completed the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Adult Attachment Scale (AAS), Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS), and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). Mediation analysis was used to…
Reflections on communication of disease prognosis and life expectancy by patients with colorectal cancer undergoing palliative care: a qualitative st…
2019
ObjectivesPatients with colorectal cancer undergoing palliative treatment receive extensive treatment-related information throughout their disease trajectory. We aimed to explore the experiences of patients with incurable colorectal cancer while in palliative care and their reflections on the information provided by physicians and nurses. Our main focus was the patients’ thoughts about how information about disease status and life expectancy was communicated, from the first time that they were informed about the incurable nature of their disease through to postsurgery palliative treatment.SettingsPatients with colorectal cancer receiving palliative chemotherapy.Research designWe used a qual…
Comparison of soft tissue body composition in postmenopausal women with or without hormone replacement therapy considering the influence of reproduct…
2001
To examine long-term effects of at least 5 years' conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT), reproductive history and lifestyle on fat mass and muscle mass in postmenopausal women.A cross-sectional retrospective approach was used, including 64 healthy women (56-69 years, mean age 63.4 years). Hormone users were compared with age-matched non-users with respect to (a) type of HRT used (oestrogen vs oestrogen plus gestagen vs no hormones), (b) categories of oestrogens used (oestradiol-based oestrogens vs conjugated equine oestrogens vs no oestrogens) and (c) categories of gestagens used (testosterone derivatives vs progesterone derivatives vs no gestagens). Data on hormone use, reproducti…
Cancer and central nervous system disorders: protocol for an umbrella review of systematic reviews and updated meta-analyses of observational studies
2017
[Background] The objective of this study will be to synthesize the epidemiological evidence and evaluate the validity of the associations between central nervous system disorders and the risk of developing or dying from cancer.
On Integrating Action Research and Design Research
2010
IS research has been criticized for having little influence on practice. One approach to achieving more relevance is to conduct research using appropriate research methods that balance the interests of both researchers and practitioners. This chapter examines the similarities between two methods that address this mandate by adopting a proactive stance to investigating information systems in organizations. These two approaches, action research and design research, both directly intervene in “real-world” domains and effect changes in these domains. We investigate these similarities by examining exemplars of each type of research according to the criteria of the other. Our analysis reveals int…
Advantages and limitations of using national administrative data on obstetric blood transfusions to estimate the frequency of obstetric hemorrhages
2013
International audience; BACKGROUND: Obstetric hemorrhages are a frequent cause of maternal death all over the world, but are not routinely monitored. Health systems administrative databases could be used for this purpose, but data quality needs to be assessed. OBJECTIVES: Using blood transfusion data recorded in administrative databases to estimate the frequency of obstetric hemorrhages. Research design A population-based study. Subjects Validation sub-sample: all mothers who gave birth in a French region in 2006-07 (35 123 pregnancies). Main study: all mothers who gave birth in France in 2006-07 (1 629 537 pregnancies). METHOD: Linkage and comparison of administrative data on blood transfu…
Planning and Analysis of Trials Using a Stepped Wedge Design: Part 26 of a Series on Evaluation of Scientific Publications
2019
Background The stepped-wedge design (SWD) of clinical trials has become very popular in recent years, particularly in health services research. Typically, study participants are randomly allotted in clusters to the different treatment options. Methods The basic principles of the stepped wedge design and related statistical techniques are described here on the basis of pertinent publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and in the CIS statistical literature database. Results In a typical SWD trial, the intervention is begun at a time point that varies from cluster to cluster. Until this time point is reached, all participants in the cluster belong to the control arm of the trial…
Strategic Analysis Tools Application at SMEs in Ecuador
2015
This article explores the nature and scope of Strategic Analysis Tools (SAT) application in SMEs located in emerging countries such as Ecuador (where there are no formal studies on the subject). It is intended to assess which of the instruments utilized by these firms may contribute to formulate strategic options and which of them create awareness of relevant risks or distress specifically about continuity concerning their operations. Through the application of a survey to an intentional sample-selection of SMEs in Quito-Ecuador we analyzed the consciousness over these instruments to facilitate the creation of strategic options, their contribution to assess their competitive position and th…
Teacher stress during an autumn term in Finland: Four types of stress processes
1988
Abstract This Finnish study examines teachers' stress in order to clarify how stress manifests itself and to describe any observed differences in the teachers' background, personality and coping variables. The research design was longitudinal. One hundred and fifty-three teachers made repeated assessments (six in all) of the indicators of stress (subjective mood ratings) by means of questionnaires during the autumn term of 1983. The background variables were based on questionnaire responses gathered in the autumn of 1983. Four different teacher groups emerged according to the type of stress reported: (1) teachers who were exhausted throughout the term; (2) those who recovered from stress on…