Search results for "Resistance"
showing 10 items of 3641 documents
Heavy Resistance Training in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Therapy.
2019
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adjuvant breast cancer therapy may reduce maximal muscle strength, muscle mass, and functional performance. Although maximal strength training (MST) has the potential to counteract this debilitating outcome and is shown to be superior to low- and moderate-intensity strength training, it is unknown if it can elicit effective adaptations in patients suffering treatment-induced adverse side effects. METHODS Fifty-five newly diagnosed stage I to III breast cancer patients (49 ± 7 yr) scheduled for adjuvant therapy were randomized to MST or a control group. The MST group performed 4 × 4 repetitions of dynamic leg press at approximately 90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) t…
Metformin modulates human leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions and proinflammatory cytokines in polycystic ovary syndrome patients
2015
Abstract Objective We aim to assess the effect of metformin treatment on metabolic parameters, endothelial function and inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subjects. Methods The study population consisted of 40 reproductive-age women with PCOS, who underwent treatment with metformin during a 12-week period, and their corresponding matched controls (n = 44). We evaluated endocrinological parameters, adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin) and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)) in serum. In addition, interactions between human umbili…
Induction of oxidative stress and human leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions in polycystic ovary syndrome patients with insulin resistance.
2011
Insulin resistance is a feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is related to mitochondrial and endothelial function.We tested whether hyperandrogenic insulin-resistant women with PCOS, who have an increased risk of vascular disease, display impaired leukocyte-endothelium interactions, and mitochondrial dysfunction.This was a prospective controlled study conducted in an academic medical center.The study population consisted of 43 lean reproductive-age women with PCOS and 39 controls subjects.We evaluated anthropometric and metabolic parameters, adhesion molecules, and interactions between leukocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mitochondrial function was studied by as…
Effects of intra-session exercise sequence during water-based concurrent training.
2013
The aim was to investigate the effects of the intra-session exercise order during water-based concurrent training on the neuromuscular adaptations in young women. 26 women (25.1±2.9 years) were placed into 2 groups: resistance prior to (RA) or after (AR) aerobic training. Subjects performed resistance (sets at maximal effort) and aerobic training (exercises at heart rate corresponding to the second ventilatory threshold) twice a week over 12 weeks, performing both exercise types in the same training session. Upper (elbow flexion) and lower-body (knee extension) one-repetition maximum test (1RM) and peak torque (PT) were evaluated. The muscle thickness (MT) of upper (sum of MT of biceps brac…
Metabolically healthy polycystic ovary syndrome (MH-PCOS) and metabolically unhealthy polycystic ovary syndrome (MU-PCOS): a comparative analysis of …
2013
Study question Is it possible to distinguish metabolically healthy polycystic ovary syndrome (MH-PCOS) from metabolically unhealthy PCOS (MU-PCOS) by simple diagnostic tools such as body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), at-risk category suggested by Androgen Excess Society (AES) and visceral adiposity index (VAI)? Summary answer VAI could be an easy and useful tool in clinical practice and in population studies for assessment of MU-PCOS. What is known already VAI is a good indicator of insulin sensitivity and cardiometabolic risk in oligo-ovulatory women with PCOS. Study design, size, duration We conducted a cross-sectional study of 232 women with PCOS in a university hospital setti…
Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): lower prevalence in Southern Italy than in USA and the influence of criteria for the diagnosi…
2005
Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MBS) is a common disorder and is thought to be extremely prevalent in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In the USA the prevalence of MBS in PCOS has been reported to be as high as 43–46% using Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) criteria. Because of differences in diet, lifestyle and genetic factors, we postulated that the prevalence of MBS might not be as high in Italian women. This study sought to determine the prevalence of MBS in Italian women using both the ATP-III and the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and to determine whether the prevalence is influenced by the way in which PCOS is diagnosed. Design: Assessment of the prevalence of MBS in 282 …
Hyperinsulinism and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): role of insulin clearance.
2015
PURPOSE: Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinism are the predominant metabolic defects in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, hyperinsulinism, as well as being compensatory, can also express a condition of reduced insulin clearance. Our aim was to evaluate the differences in insulin action and metabolism between women with PCOS (with normal glucose tolerance) and age- and BMI-matched women with prediabetes (without hyperandrogenism and ovulatory disorders). METHODS: 22 women with PCOS and 21 age/BMI-matched women with prediabetes were subjected to a Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and an Oral Glucose tolerance Test (OGTT). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the glucose…
Major gender difference in association of FTO gene variant among severely obese children with obesity and obesity related phenotypes.
2008
Recent studies have shown that SNPs in the FTO gene predispose to childhood and adult obesity. In this study, we examined the association between variants in FTO and KIAA1005, a gene that maps closely to FTO, and obesity, as well as obesity related traits among 450 well characterised severely obese children and 512 normal weight controls. FTO showed significant association with several obesity related traits while SNPs in KIAA1005 did not. When stratified by gender, the FTO variant rs9939609 showed association with obesity and BMI among girls (P = 0.006 and 0.004, respectively) but not among boys. Gender differences were also found in the associations of the FTO rs9939609 with obesity relat…
Effects of metformin on mitochondrial function of leukocytes from polycystic ovary syndrome patients with insulin resistance.
2015
ObjectiveOxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The present study assesses the effect of metformin treatment on mitochondrial function in polymorphonuclear cells from PCOS subjects. Additionally, we evaluate endocrine parameters and levels of interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα).Design and methodsOur study population was comprised of 35 women of reproductive age diagnosed with PCOS and treated with metformin for 12 weeks, and their corresponding controls (n=41), adjusted by age and BMI. We evaluated the alteration of endocrinological and anthropometrical parameters and androgen levels. Mitochondrial O2 consum…
Is There Really Increased Cardiovascular Morbidity in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
2018
For some time, it has been assumed that women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). This has largely been on the basis of having many risk factors, including abnormal lipid profile, insulin resistance, and markers of inflammation. However, despite having these and other risk factors, we argue here, in the view of the authors, that there is no credible evidence that there is greater CVD morbidity in all women with PCOS. We analyze the existing data and discuss that overall CVD risk decreases with age when more CVD events are likely to occur, and introduce the possibility that there may be some unknown inherent protective facto…