Search results for "Resolution"

Modeling of Particle Number Fluctuations in Entire Cells

2012

In a recent study we developed a method to model protein diffusion in cells [1], where special attention was given to generating from image data of the measured cell a realistic digital model cell in which protein dynamics were simulated. The method was shown to be well suited for modeling non-equilibrium situations that arise, e.g., in photobleaching experiments, and to be capable of producing more detailed information about protein motion than traditional modeling.Another experimental way to assess protein dynamics is to study fluctuations in the local protein number, as it is done, e.g., in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), or in similar measurements that apply single-plane il…

RNA Nanostructure Molecular Imaging

2020

Atomic force and transmission electron microscopies (AFM/TEM) are powerful tools to analyze RNA-based nanostructures. While cryo-TEM analysis allows the determination of near-atomic resolution structures of large RNA complexes, this chapter intends to present how RNA nanostructures can be analyzed at room temperature on surfaces. Indeed, TEM and AFM analyses permit the conformation of a large population of individual molecular structures to be observed, providing a statistical basis for the variability of these nanostructures within the population. Nevertheless, if double-stranded DNA molecular imaging has been described extensively, only a few investigations of single-stranded DNA and RNA …

What Makes a Defender? A Multilevel Study of Individual Correlates and Classroom Norms in Explaining Defending Behaviors

2018

Abstract This study examines the interplay between individual characteristics (social status, provictim attitudes, and family messages about conflict resolution) and classroom descriptive and injun...

An attraction-based cellular automaton model for generating spatiotemporal population maps in urban areas

2015

We develop a cellular automaton (CA) model to produce spatiotemporal population maps that estimate population distributions in an urban area during a random working day. The resulting population maps are at 50 m and 5 minutes spatiotemporal resolution, showing clearly how the distribution of population varies throughout a 24-hour period. The maps indicate that some areas of the city, which are sparsely populated during the night, can be densely populated during the day. The developed CA model assumes that the population transition trends follow dynamics and propagation patterns similar to a contagious disease. Thus, our model designed to change the states of each grid cell (stable or dynami…

Animacy shifts and resolution of semantic conflicts: A typological commentary onShifting animacyby de Swart & de Hoop

2018

Direct Observation of Nanometer-Scale Pores of Melittin in Supported Lipid Monolayers

2015

Melittin is the most studied membrane-active peptide and archetype within a large and diverse group of pore formers. However, the molecular characteristics of melittin pores remain largely unknown. Herein, we show by atomic force microscopy (AFM) that lipid monolayers in the presence of melittin are decorated with numerous regularly shaped circular pores that can be distinguished from nonspecific monolayer defects. The specificity of these pores is reinforced through a statistical evaluation of depressions found in Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers in the presence and absence of melittin, which eventually allows characterization of the melittin-induced pores at a quantitative low-resolution leve…

Compensation of Oxygen Transmittance Effects for Proximal Sensing Retrieval of Canopy–Leaving Sun–Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence

2018

Estimates of Sun–Induced vegetation chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) using remote sensing techniques are commonly determined by exploiting solar and/or telluric absorption features. When SIF is retrieved in the strong oxygen (O 2 ) absorption features, atmospheric effects must always be compensated. Whereas correction of atmospheric effects is a standard airborne or satellite data processing step, there is no consensus regarding whether it is required for SIF proximal–sensing measurements nor what is the best strategy to be followed. Thus, by using simulated data, this work provides a comprehensive analysis about how atmospheric effects impact SIF estimations on proximal sensing, regarding: (…

Comparison between SMOS Vegetation Optical Depth products and MODIS vegetation indices over crop zones of the USA

2014

The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission provides multi-angular, dual-polarised brightness temperatures at 1.4 GHz, from which global soil moisture and vegetation optical depth (tau) products are retrieved. This paper presents a study of SMOS' tau product in 2010 and 2011 for crop zones of the USA. Retrieved tau values for 504 crop nodes were compared to optical/IR vegetation indices from the MODES (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite sensor, including the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVE), Leaf Area Index (LAI), and a Normalised Difference Water Index (NOW!) product. tau values were observed to increase during the…

Crop Phenology Retrieval Through Gaussian Process Regression

2021

Monitoring crop phenology significantly assists agricultural managing practices and plays an important role in crop yield predictions. Multi-temporal satellite-based observations allow analyzing vegetation seasonal dynamics over large areas by using vegetation indices or deriving biophysical variables. This study presents a framework for automatic corn phenology characterization based on high spatial and temporal resolution time series. By using the Difference Vegetation Index (DVI) estimated from Sentinel-2 data over Iowa (US), independent phenological models were optimized using Gaussian Processes regression. Their respective performances were assessed based on simulated phenological indi…

2017

Induction of plant resistance against pathogens by defense elicitors constitutes an attractive strategy to reduce the use of fungicides in crop protection. However, all elicitors do not systematically confer protection against pathogens. Elicitor-induced resistance (IR) thus merits to be further characterized in order to understand what makes an elicitor efficient. In this study, the oligosaccharidic defense elicitors H13 and PS3, respectively, ineffective and effective to trigger resistance of grapevine leaves against downy mildew, were used to compare their effect on the global leaf metabolism. Ultra high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis allowed us to obtain and compare t…