Search results for "Respiratory medicine"

Acetylcholine via Muscarinic Receptors Inhibits Histamine Release from Human Isolated Bronchi

1997

Human bronchi were incubated in organ baths to measure histamine release. The calcium ionophore A23187 (10 mumol/L; 1 min) stimulated histamine release by 148 +/- 28% (n = 11) above the prestimulation level but was ineffective in epithelium-denuded bronchi. Neither bradykinin (0.1 mumol/L) nor compound 48/80 (10 micrograms/ml) triggered the release of histamine from epithelium-intact bronchi. Acetylcholine did not affect spontaneous histamine release (about 2 nmol/g x 5 min) but inhibited A23187-evoked histamine release in an atropine-sensitive manner. Already a concentration as low as 0.1 nmol/L acetylcholine was effective, the maximal inhibition (by 89%) occurred at 100 nmol/L, whereas a …

Release of [3H]Acetylcholine in Human Isolated Bronchi: Effect of Indomethacin on Muscarinic Autoinhibition

1995

Receptor-mediated regulation of acetylcholine release in the airways, particularly in humans, remains unclear. In the present study, the tissue content of acetylcholine and release of [3H]acetylcholine were measured in freshly dissected human bronchi obtained at thoracotomy. Large (main and lobar bronchi) and small (segmental and subsegmental bronchi) airways contained considerable amounts of endogenous acetylcholine (300 +/- 50 pmol/100 mg wet weight), whereas significantly less was found in lung parenchyma (60 +/- 30 pmol/100 mg). Isolated small bronchi incubated in an organ bath with the precursor [3H]choline synthesized significant amounts of [3H]acetylcholine (26,000 +/- 4,000 dpm/100 …

Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?

2020

Abstract Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely use…

GOLD Staging System is Appropriate to Predict Mortality in Older People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2018

Abstract Introduction In the new GOLD classification the reduction of FEV1, expressed as percentage of predicted value (FEV1PP), is considered an important prognostic factor. However, the use of FEV1PP may introduce bias, especially if based on equations derived from populations different from the one under study. We evaluated how well the GOLD classification stratifies the mortality risk when FEV1PP is based on an equation developed in the same population that gave rise to cases, externally developed equations, or as FEV1 divided by cubed height (FEV1/Ht3). Methods We studied 882 participants aged ≥65 years. Bronchial obstruction was defined using a fixed cut-off of 0.7 for FEV1/FVC. Predi…

The anti-inflammatory properties of tiotropium

2018

Antioxidant treatment for impaired hypoxic ventilatory responses in experimental diabetes in the rat

2018

Inflammation, tissue hypoxia, and impaired hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) are the intricately entwined features of diabetes which perpetuate the disease and its sequelae. Hyperglycemia, notably, is an oxygen consuming process due to enhanced cellular metabolism. Oxidative stress underlies diabetic pathogenesis and also is a crucial modulator of the hypoxic chemoreflex. The present study seeks to determine if suppressed ventilation in diabetes could be improved by antioxidant treatment. The study was performed in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in awake rats. Two weeks into full-fledged diabetes, the rats were divided into mangiferin (potent natural antioxidant)-treated and untreated, wi…

Revascularisation of a Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysm in Suspected Incomplete Kawasaki-Disease

2006

Kawasaki disease leads to typical vascular complications in up to 20 % of untreated cases. We describe a 47-year-old patient with coronary vessel disease, involving the right coronary artery with a huge aneurysmatic dilatation, suspicious for an incomplete form of Kawasaki disease. We found little information about the surgical treatment and postoperative course of this disease in adults. Typically, these infrequent patients present with acute myocardial infarction and require interdisciplinary decision-making.

Differences in the efficacy and safety among inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)/long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) combinations in the treatment of chronic…

2015

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are frequently recommended for the treatment of asthma and COPD, often in combination with long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA), depending on the severity of the disease and/or on the specific phenotype. Several ICS/LABA combinations are currently available that differ in their pharmacokinetic characteristics and dose of both components. Thus, this review assesses differences in the efficacy and the safety profiles of the ICS components in the two more frequently used ICS/LABA combinations (budesonide/formoterol and fluticasone/salmeterol) for the management of COPD. Whereas the basic mechanism of action is similar for all ICS (binding with the intracellular gluco…

Inhalation solutions: which one are allowed to be mixed? Physico-chemical compatibility of drug solutions in nebulizers.

2006

AbstractTherapy of chronic respiratory diseases often involves inhalation therapy with nebulizers. Patients often attempt to shorten the time consuming administration procedure by mixing drug solutions/suspensions for simultaneous inhalation. This article considers the issue of physico-chemical compatibility of admixtures of drug solutions/suspensions in nebulizers.A search of databases, prescribing information and primary literature was conducted to locate literature concerning the physico-chemical compatibility of inhalation solutions/suspensions. This was supplemented by telephone interviews.Admixtures of albuterol with ipratropium and/or cromolyn, of albuterol and budesonide, or tobramy…

Regular versus as-needed budesonide and formoterol combination treatment for moderate asthma: A non-inferiority, randomised, double-blind clinical tr…

2015

Summary Background Treatment guidelines for patients with moderate persistent asthma recommend regular therapy with a combination of an inhaled corticosteroid and a longacting β 2 agonist plus as-needed rapid-acting bronchodilators. We investigated whether symptom-driven budesonide and formoterol combination therapy administered as needed would be as effective as regular treatment with this combination plus as-needed symptom-driven terbutaline for patients with moderate asthma. Methods In this non-inferiority randomised clinical trial, we recruited adult patients (18–65 years of age) with stable moderate persistent asthma, according to 2006 Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Patients …