Search results for "Retina"

Dietary fatty acids and the prevention of Age-related Macular Degeneration: retinal incorporation and beyond

2014

International audience

Fatty acids and the prevention of ocular pathologies: where do we stand?

2015

Plasmalogens in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy

2011

Neuronal tissues such as the retina contain high amounts of plasmalogens. One of their particularities is to concentrate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) before releasing them specifically. Several data from our laboratory suggest that plasmalogens are involved in the pathophysiology of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. The different experiments were carried out on human patients with POAG as well as on rodent models of glaucoma. They concerned either the identification of specific alterations of plasmalogen metabolism, or the efficacy of PUFAs to prevent retinal damage. The results have shown a loss of several circulating plasmalogens in…

Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and metabolic syndrome in the rat retina: consequences on retinal functionality and complications

2014

Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and metabolic syndrome in the rat retina: consequences on retinal functionality and complications. International society for the study of fatty acids and lipids

Retinal vascular network: description in elderly and pathological process

2020

For more than 10 years, description of the retinal microvascular network has benefited from the development of new imaging techniques. Automatic retinal images analysis software, as well as OCT angiography, are able to highlight subtle and early changes in the retinal vascular network. In addition, these software allow to obtain a large amount of quantitative microvascular parameters which improve the characterization of retinal vascularization. The challenge of current research is to demonstrate the association between these microvascular modifications, systemic vascular aging process and cerebral and cardiovascular disease. Indeed, a physiopathological continuum exists between retinal mic…

High fat-high fructose diet triggered metabolic syndrome and retinal neovascular complications in the rat

2016

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2016 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, Wash., May 1-5, 2016.; Purpose : On the contrary to type II diabetes, the consequences of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the retina are poorly documented. MetS includes insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and abdominal adiposity. Vascular changes are strongly associated to metabolic diseases. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that feeding rats with high fructose (60%) and high fat (10%) would contribute to the development of MetS and neovascular retinal complications.Methods : Male Brown Norway rats (6 weeks of age) were fed with a regular chow diet or a 60% rich fructose+10% lipid-rich di…

Gangliosides in the retina: a comparative inventory with brain and other ocular structures

2016

International audience

Neurophysiologic Testing in Infants With Usher Syndrome Type 1

2009

Purpose: Usher syndrome type 1 needs to be diagnosed at early age, when speech therapy and cochlear implantation can stimulate communication in a deaf child who will confront an additional visual handicap. Molecular diagnosis is not routinely available. Visual function tests are not easily performed in young children. Before the age of six years, progressive retinal degeneration does not always show fundoscopic changes and few data are available regarding neurophysiologic abnormalities. This study was designed to describe electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) in a series of fourteen children with Usher syndrome type I.Methods: Monocular ERG and binocular VEP were perfor…

Retinal enrichment in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids limits choroidal neovascularization

2016

International audience; Purpose: Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of blindness in elderly population of western countries. Prospective epidemiologic studies have reported that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce the risk of progression to advanced AMD, and particularly to the neovascular forms. In this study, we have investigated the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFA on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mice.Methods: Fat-1 mice, endogenously converting omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA, and littermate controls were used at 4 months of age. CNV was induced unilaterally in eye fundus by photocoagulation using a 532-nm laser. Confocal scanning laser ophthal…

Cholestérol-24S-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) et homéostasie du cholestérol dans la rétine en conditions physiologiques et pathologiques

2012

Cholesterol is the major sterol found in the retina. In its free form, cholesterol is present in all cell layers of the retina, whereas cholesteryl esters mainly accumulate at the basement of the retinal pigment epithelium. The intrinsic capacity of the retina to synthetize cholesterol appears limited. Some extra-retinal pathways actively participate to cholesterol uptake to the retina. Müller glial cells may contribute to cholesterol supply to retinal neurons, especially for synaptic formation. Cholesterol accumulation or conversely deficiency have deleterious consequences on neuron survival. Maintaining the equilibrium between cholesterol supply and neosynthesis in the one hand and choles…