Search results for "Retinoid"
showing 9 items of 79 documents
Retinoid X receptor agonists impair arterial mononuclear cell recruitment through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation.
2012
Abstract Mononuclear cell migration into the vascular subendothelium constitutes an early event of the atherogenic process. Because the effect of retinoid X receptor (RXR)α on arterial mononuclear leukocyte recruitment is poorly understood, this study investigated whether RXR agonists can affect this response and the underlying mechanisms involved. Decreased RXRα expression was detected after 4 h stimulation of human umbilical arterial endothelial cells with TNF-α. Interestingly, under physiological flow conditions, TNF-α–induced endothelial adhesion of human mononuclear cells was concentration-dependently inhibited by preincubation of the human umbilical arterial endothelial cells with RXR…
Acanthosis nigricans: A review.
2020
Background Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a cutaneous disorder characterized by symmetric velvety hyperpigmented plaques on intertriginous areas like axilla, neck, inframammary, and groin. Aims To summarize the pathophysiology and classification of AN, provide an update of diagnostic testing strategies, and describe the current therapeutic options described so far in the literature for this disease. Methods A comprehensive english language literature search across multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane) for keywords (alone and in combination) was performed. MeSH as well as non-MeSH terms such as "acanthosis nigricans," "classification," "pathophysiology," "diagnosis," "trea…
Topical therapies for oral lichen planus management and their efficacy: a narrative review.
2012
Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition implicating T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and involving oral mucosal surfaces. Several therapeutic regimens have been evaluated to treat OLP and pain related, but often without high level of evidence. Topical formulations are the favourite for the majority of cases; bioadhesive formulations have been considered very useful and practical for local drug delivery in oral mucosa, due to the increased residence time on the oral mucosa of the dosage forms and better therapeutic efficacy. In this narrative review, authors try to illustrate the current topical managements for OLP from the accessible literature on this topic. Steroids are …
Retinoids induce MMP-9 expression through RARalpha during mammary gland remodeling.
2007
Retinoic acid (RA) is a signaling molecule in the morphogenesis of the mammary gland, modulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The aim of this paper was to study the role of RA during weaning, which consists of three events: apoptosis of the secretory cells, degradation of the extracellular matrix, and adipogenesis. CRABP II and CRBP-1 carrier proteins increased significantly during weaning compared with lactating glands but reverted to control values after the litter resuckled. The effects of RA are mediated by the nuclear receptors RARalpha, RARbeta, RARgamma, and RXRalpha, which underwent an increase in protein levels during weaning. In an attempt to elucidate the R…
Combined sub-optimal doses of Rosuvastatin and Bexarotene impairs angiotensin II-induced arterial mononuclear cell adhesion through inhibition of Nox…
2015
Aim: Mononuclear cell (MC) infiltration into the arterial subendothelium is a key event in atherogenesis. Rosuvastatin (Rosu) and bexarotene (Bex) exert anti-inflammatory activity, but serious dose-related adverse effects have emerged. The need for safer and effective strategies to prevent and treat atherosclerosis led us to test the effect of combined use of both drugs on angiotensin II (Ang-II)-induced arterial MC recruitment. Results: Vehicle, Rosu (10–30 nM), Bex (0.3–1 μM), or a combination of both were administered to human umbilical arterial endothelial cells (HUAECs) 20 h before stimulation with 1 μM Ang-II (4 h). Surprisingly, a combination of Rosu (10 nM)+Bex (0.3 μM), which did n…
Oral drug therapy following bariatric surgery: an overview of fundamentals, literature and clinical recommendations
2016
Bariatric surgery is the most effective solution for severe obesity and obesity with comorbidities, and the number of patients going through bariatric surgery is rapidly and constantly growing. The modified gastrointestinal anatomy of the patient may lead to significant pharmacokinetic alterations in the oral absorption of drugs after the surgery; however, because of insufficient available literature and inadequate awareness of the medical team, bariatric surgery patients may be discharged from the hospital with insufficient instructions regarding their medication therapy. In this article, we aim to present the various mechanisms by which bariatric surgery may influence oral drug absorption…
Selective RAR agonists for acne vulgaris: A narrative review.
2019
Background Acne vulgaris is a chronic disfiguring inflammatory disease of adolescents and adults affecting up to 90% of the population around the world. The sequence of etiopathogenesis in acne is not completely understood but involves abnormalities in sebum production, follicular plugging, proliferation of propionibacterium acnes, and chronic inflammation. Aims This review aims to summarize the features of the topical selective RAR agonists in treating acne vulgaris with a special emphasis on the 4th generation topical retinoid trifarotene. Methods Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) till August 2019 and reference lists of respective articles. Onl…
Analysis of a soluble lipid-protein complex carrying endogenous 11-cis retinaldehyde from bovine retinal pigment epithelium.
1989
A soluble lipid-protein complex in bovine retinal pigment epithelium is shown to carry endogenous 11-cis retinaldehyde, in the extent of 15% of the total 11-cis retinaldehyde found in this tissue. The complex, analyzed with respect to its chemical composition, exhibits a lipid composition close resembling the lipid composition of the rod outer segment membrane; the SDS-PAGE evidences the presence of a number of protein bands, two of which of 34 and 27 kDa appear glycoproteins. Finally, the lipid-protein complex exhibits a discrete level of a Cathepsin D-like protease activity. From the above, the possibility is discussed that the soluble lipid-protein complex could represent some phagolysos…
Efectos del consumo de alcohol etílico en la cavidad oral: Relación con el cáncer oral
2004
El consumo de bebidas alcohólicas se encuentra asociado desde un punto de vista epidemiológico con un riesgo aumentado de desarrollar cáncer del tracto gastrointestinal superior. La realización de estudios que establezcan esa asociación resulta complicada, debido tanto a la confluencia de varios factores de riesgo en una misma persona, por ejemplo alcohol y tabaco, como a la falta de datos que puedan ser comprobables por el clínico. Por ello no se conoce con exactitud cual es el mecanismo patogénico responsable de este aumento de riesgo, ya que el etanol per se no ha demostrado ser carcinógeno. Se han propuesto distintas hipótesis que tratan de explicar como el etanol, ya sea por vía local …