Search results for "Retinopathy"

Contraception in diabetic women: an Italian study

2005

Abstract Over 1 year, a survey on contraception and obstetric history was performed on a cohort of 667 Caucasian fertile diabetic women (446, type 1 and 201, type 2) living in Italy. Results: Of these women, 30.4% used hormonal contraceptives, 12.0% intra-uterine device (IUD), 10.7% declared they used no contraception, 47.0% only utilised barrier and/or natural methods. However, irrespective of their previous contraceptive strategy, 7.2% of all the studied population was surgically sterilized during caesarean section. Hormonal contraception: Of these women, 60.4% was prescribed by a gynaecologist, 11.2% by a diabetologist, 15% by both of them and 13.4% by others. The proportion using oral c…

Antioxidant supplementation in diabetic retinopathy

2020

Conventional treatments for diabetic retinopathy (DR) include glycaemic control, laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy, intravitreal triamcinolone, and intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor agents. However, these strategies have not been proven capable of halting the progression of this disease in all cases. The mechanisms leading to DR are not fully understood, but there is a growing body of evidence showing that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of this diabetic complications. Indeed, it has been proposed that oxidative stress is the initial and maintaining event that triggers and provides feedback to the other pathophysiological pathways related to DR. T…

Metabolic syndrome in hypertensive patients: An unholy alliance

2014

For many years, it has been recognized that hypertension tends to cluster with various anthropometric and metabolic abnormalities including abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hyperuricemia. This constellation of various conditions has been transformed from a pathophysiological concept to a clinical entity, which has been defined metabolic syndrome (MetS). The consequences of the MetS have been difficult to assess without commonly accepted criteria to diagnose it. For this reason, on 2009 the International Diabetes Federation, the American Heart Association and other scientific organizations pro…

Bright Retinal Lesions Detection using Color Fundus Images Containing Reflective Features

2009

Recently, the research community has developed many techniques to detect and diagnose diabetic retinopathy with retinal fundus images. This is a necessary step for the implementation of a large scale screening effort in rural areas where ophthalmologists are not available. In the United States of America, the incidence of diabetes is increasing among the young population. Retina fundus images of patients younger than 20 years old present a high amount of reflectance due to the Nerve Fibre Layer (NFL). Generally, the younger the patient the more the reflectance is visible. We are not aware of algorithms able to explicitly deal with this type of artifact.

Beneficial Effect of Docosahexanoic Acid and Lutein on Retinal Structural, Metabolic, and Functional Abnormalities in Diabetic Rats

2009

To assess the effect of docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and lutein (both compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties) on experimental diabetic retinopathy.Male Wistar rats were studied: non-diabetic controls, untreated diabetic controls, and diabetic rats were treated with DHA and lutein or the combination of DHA + insulin and lutein + insulin for 12 weeks. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, apoptosis, and functional tests were studied to confirm biochemical and functional changes in the retina of diabetic rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione concentrations (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) were measured as oxidative stress markers. TUNEL assay and caspa…

Evidence for a dysfunction and disease-promoting role of the circadian clock in the diabetic retina.

2021

Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of chronic hyperglycemia and a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. In the present study the interaction between diabetes and retinal clocks was investigated in mice. It was seen that in the db/db mouse - a widely used animal model of diabetic retinopathy - clock function and circadian regulation of gene expression was disturbed in the retina. Remarkably, elimination of clock function by Bmal1-deficiency mitigates the progression of pathophysiology of the diabetic retina. Thus high-fat diet was seen to induce histopathology and molecular markers associated with diabetic retinopathy in wild type but not in Bmal1-deficient mice. The d…

Enhanced Oxidative Stress and Other Potential Biomarkers for Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetics: Beneficial Effects of the Nutraceutic Supplements

2015

We have studied the global risk of retinopathy in a Mediterranean population of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, according to clinical, biochemical, and lifestyle biomarkers. The effects of the oral supplementation containing antioxidants/omega 3 fatty acids (A/ω3) were also evaluated. Suitable participants were distributed into two main groups: (1) T2DMG (with retinopathy (+DR) or without retinopathy (−DR)) and (2) controls (CG). Participants were randomly assigned (+A/ω3) or not (−A/ω3) to the oral supplementation with a daily pill of Nutrof Omega (R) for 18 months. Data collected including demographics, anthropometrics, characteristics/lifestyle, ophthalmic examination (best cor…

Influence of metabolic syndrome on hypertension-related target organ damage

2005

Identification of new candidate genes for retinopathy in type 2 diabetics. Valencia Study on Diabetic Retinopathy (VSDR). Report number 3

2018

Abstract Objective To identify genes involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), among which include oxidative stress, extracellular matrix changes, and/or apoptosis, in order to evaluate the risk of developing this retinal disease in a type 2 diabetic (DM2) population. Material and methods A case–control study was carried out on 81 participants from the Valencia Study on Diabetic Retinopathy (VSDR) of both genders, with ages 25–85 years. They were classified into: (i) DM2 group (n = 49), with DR (+DR; n = 14) and without DR (−DR; n = 35), and (ii) control group (GC; n = 32). The protocols included a personal interview, standardized ophthalmologic…

Ocular Comorbidities and the Relationship between Eye Diseases and Systemic Disorders

2016

Patients with ocular disorders may have additional ophthalmic problems that can have an impact on both morbidity and vision. Ocular comorbidities are commonly associated with vision-related disability and decreased quality of life related to visual impairment. The majority of studies on this topic deal with cataracts, glaucoma, uveitis, and/or retinopathies. It is important to summarize the available evidence to date on the association of one or several ocular diseases and the implications these comorbidities have on prognosis and therapy. The relationship between eye disorders and systemic diseases has recently drawn special interest. The increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative disorder…