Search results for "Rhythm"

An Interactive MIDI Accompanist

1998

The ability to infer beat and meter from music is one of the basic activities of musical cognition. After hearing only a short fraction of music, we are able to develop a sense of beat and to tap our foot along with the music. Even if the music is rhythmically complex, containing a range of different time values and possibly syncopation as well, we are capable of inferring the different periodicities present in the music and synchronizing to them. Simulating this activity with a computer program might seem, at first glance, to be simple. If a note onset (that is, an attack) occurs before the system expects it to occur, the estimated tempo is increased, and vice versa. In practice, however, …

Sudden death in water: Diagnostic challenges

2016

Abstract The authors report a case of sudden death in a breath-holding diver and highlight the forensic diagnostic difficulties in opining the cause of sudden death in water. The autopsy showed increased thickness of the left ventricular wall with a distinct pattern of concentric hypertrophy, evident particularly in the subaortic interventricular septum. Histological examination revealed diffuse interstitial fibrosis and associated findings of multifocal myocyte disarray especially evident in the subaortic interventricular septum. The analysis and discussion of this case made it possible to attribute sudden death to a lethal arrhythmia following myocyte disarray and hypoxia caused by breath…

Nitric oxide synthase in the enteric nervous system of the guinea-pig: a quantitative description

1994

The distribution and abundance of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing neurons and their terminals in the gastrointestinal tract of the guinea-pig were examined in detail using NADPH diaphorase histochemistry and NOS immunohistochemistry. NOS-containing cell bodies were found in the myenteric plexus throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the submucous plexus of the stomach, colon and rectum. NOS-containing neurons comprised between 12% (in the duodenum) and 54% (in the esophagus) of total myenteric neurons. In the ileum, NOS neurons represented 19% of total myenteric neurons. Most of the NOS neurons throughout the gastrointestinal tract possessed lamellar dendrites and a single axon…

Decoding Emotional Valence from Electroencephalographic Rhythmic Activity

2017

We attempt to decode emotional valence from electroencephalographic rhythmic activity in a naturalistic setting. We employ a data-driven method developed in a previous study, Spectral Linear Discriminant Analysis, to discover the relationships between the classification task and independent neuronal sources, optimally utilizing multiple frequency bands. A detailed investigation of the classifier provides insight into the neuronal sources related with emotional valence, and the individual differences of the subjects in processing emotions. Our findings show: (1) sources whose locations are similar across subjects are consistently involved in emotional responses, with the involvement of parie…

INTESTINAL ABSORPTION KINETICS OF AMIODARONE IN RAT SMALL INTESTINE

1997

Amiodarone is a widely used antiarrhythmic agent with highly variable therapeutic effects. These seem to be related, at least in part, to the pharmacokinetics of the drug and particularly to some features of its gastrointestinal absorption process. The drug exhibits physico-chemical properties highly suitable for diffusion across lipophilic absorbing membranes, but its low aqueous solubility can act as the rate limiting step for absorption, making the process erratic and variable. In order to gain an insight into the intestinal absorption mechanism of the drug and detect possible non-linearities, a series of experiments using a classical rat gut in situ preparation were carried out with thr…

Der Tag-Nacht-Rhythmus der Diurese, Elektrolytausscheidung und Clearance des echten endogenen Kreatinins bei der Ratte

1956

Mitochondrial basis of the anti-arrhythmic action of lidocaine and modulation by the n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio of cardiac phospholipids

2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of mitochondria in the mechanism of the anti-arrhythmic lidocaine. Rats were fed with a diet containing either n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, SSO group) or an equimolecular mixture of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs (FO group) for 8 weeks. The hearts were perfused according to the working mode using a medium with or without lidocaine 5 μM. They were then subjected to local ischemia (20 min) and reperfusion (30 min). Dietary n-3 PUFAs triggered the expected decrease in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of cardiac phospholipids. Reperfusing the ischemic area favored the incidence of severe arrhythmias. Lidocaine treatment abolished almost completely reper…

Non-neuronal acetylcholine, a locally acting molecule, widely distributed in biological systems: expression and function in humans.

1998

Acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems in humans. However, recent experiments demonstrate a widespread expression of the cholinergic system in non-neuronal cells in humans. The synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase, the signalling molecule acetylcholine, and the respective receptors (nicotinic or muscarinic) are expressed in epithelial cells (human airways, alimentary tract, epidermis). Acetylcholine is also found in mesothelial, endothelial, glial, and circulating blood cells (platelets, mononuclear cells), as well as in alveolar macrophages. The existence of non-neuronal acetylcholine explains the widespread expression of muscarinic …

Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and emotional response to auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia

2005

The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) has a crucial function in the regulation of serotonin (5-HT) reuptake in presynaptic neurons. 5-HT is a major modulator of emotional behaviour and circadian rhythms. In addition to its neurotransmitter role, it is also an important regulator of morphogenetic activities during early brain development as well as during adult neurogenesis and plasticity (Murphy et al., 2001).

Entering a World with No Future: A phenomenological study describing the embodied experience of time when living with severe incurable disease

2012

This article presents findings from a phenomenological study exploring experience of time by patients living close to death. The empirical data consist of 26 open-ended interviews from 23 patients living with severe incurable disease receiving palliative care in Norway. Three aspects of experience of time were revealed as prominent: (i) Entering a world with no future; living close to death alters perception of and relationship to time. (ii) Listening to the rhythm of my body, not looking at the clock; embodied with severe illness, it is the body not the clock that structures and controls the activities of the day. (iii). Receiving time, taking time; being offered - not asked for - help is …