Search results for "Risk factor."
showing 10 items of 4316 documents
Maternal coffee drinking in pregnancy and risk of small for gestational age birth
2005
Objective: We have analysed the association between coffee drinking before and during the three trimesters of pregnancy and risk of small for gestational age (SGA) birth. Methods: Cases were 555 women who delivered SGA births (ie <10th percentile according Italian standard). The controls included 1966 women who gave birth at term (≥37 weeks of gestation) to healthy infants of normal weight. Results: In comparison with nondrinkers, the ORs for SGA birth were 1.3 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.9–1.9) for consumption of four or more cups of coffee/day before pregnancy, and 1.2 (95% CI 0.8–1.8), 1.2 (95% CI 0.8–1.8) and 0.9 (95% CI 0.6–1.4) for consumption of three or more cups of coffee/day d…
Effect of per Capita Income on the Relationship between Periodontal Disease during Pregnancy and the Risk of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight Newbo…
2020
This work analyzed the available evidence in the scientific literature about the risk of preterm birth and/or giving birth to low birth weight newborns in pregnant women with periodontal disease. A systematic search was carried out in three databases for observational cohort studies that related periodontal disease in pregnant women with the risk of preterm delivery and/or low birth weight, and that gave their results in relative risk (RR) values. Eleven articles were found, meeting the inclusion criteria. Statistically significant values were obtained regarding the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women with periodontitis (RR = 1.67 (1.17–2.38), 95% confidence interval (CI)), and low birt…
Exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy and preterm birth: A Spanish multicenter birth cohort study
2016
Background and objective: Preterm birth is a major determinant of infant mortality and morbidity. Air pollution has been suggested as a risk factor for preterm delivery; however, the scientific evidence on this impact remains inconsistent. We assessed the association between residential exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and preterm birth (gestational age at delivery <37 weeks) in Spain. Methods: This study was based on 2409 pregnant women participating in the INMA birth cohorts in Asturias, Gipuzkoa, Sabadell and Valencia. Ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene were estimated for each woman's residence for each trimester and for the whole pregnancy, using temporally a…
Association of Cesarean Delivery With Risk of Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Disorders in the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
2019
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the association between birth by cesarean delivery and risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in the offspring compared with birth by vaginal delivery.
The relapse rate of multiple sclerosis changes during pregnancy: a cohort study
2004
Objective – To evaluate the influence of pregnancy and puerperium on the relapse rate of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods – We determined retrospectively the yearly mean relapse rate (MRR) during pregnancies occurring in the course of relapsing–remitting MS. We compared the MRR of pregnancy-time with that of non-pregnancy time by paired t-test. Relative risk (RR) of relapses during the pregnancy-time was also compared with that of non-pregnancy time by χ2 analysis and 95% confidence intervals. Results – From a population of 351 women affected by clinically definite MS, only 70 reported pregnancies during their relapsing–remitting phase of MS for a total of 98 pregnancies. Both MRR (P = 0.00…
The oligomenorrhoic phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome are characterized by a high visceral adiposity index: a likely condition of cardiometabol…
2011
BACKGROUND: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) frequently exhibit central obesity, glucose intolerance, atherogenic dys- lipidemia and hypertension, which are characteristic features of a condition of cardiometabolic risk. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and phenotypic characteristics in women with PCOS. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional case-control study in our Endocrinology Outpatients Clinic. A total of 220 women with PCOS (Rotterdam definition) and I44 age- and BMI-matched healthy women were studied. We evaluated hyperandrogenemia and clinical hyperandrogenism, ovarian morphology, hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis and …
Are under- and overweight female elite athletes thin and fat? A controlled study.
2012
Purpose: The study�s purpose was to relate body mass index (BMI) to body fat percentage as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in female elite athletes from different sports and nonathletic controls and to investigate what characterizes the athletes with unhealthy low and high body fat values. Methods: This study was conducted in three phases: 1) screening with a detailed questionnaire, 2) body composition measurement (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and 3) clinical interview. All female elite athletes representing national teams at the junior or senior level age 13�39 yr (n = 938) and an age group�matched randomly selected population-based control group (n = 900) were invited t…
Psychopathological predictors of suicide in patients with major depression during a 5-year follow-up.
2001
SummaryObjective. It is widely known that the risk of suicide is higher in cases of major depressive disorders in comparison to the general population. The purpose of this study was to examine which psychopathologic symptoms during the index episode are predictors for an increased risk of suicide in the further course of major depression.Method. Mortality data were determined from a prospective study of 280 patients with major depression (DSM-III-R, single episode or recurrent) during a follow-up period of 5 years. The predictive power of different depressive symptoms including psychotic symptoms for suicide risk was investigated.Results.Patients who committed suicide(N = 16)during the foll…
Comparison of the rates of joint arthroplasty in patients with severe factor VIII and IX deficiency: an index of different clinical severity of the 2…
2009
AbstractData from the Italian Hemophilia Centres were collected to perform a retrospective survey of joint arthroplasty in patients with severe hemophilia. Twenty-nine of 49 hemophilia centers reported that 328 of the 347 operations were carried out in 253 patients with severe hemophilia A (HA) and 19 in 15 patients with severe hemophilia B (HB). When results were normalized to the whole Italian hemophilia population (1770 severe HA and 319 severe HB), patients with HA had a 3-fold higher risk of undergoing joint arthroplasty (odds ratio [OR], 3.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.97-5.77; P < .001). These results were confirmed after adjustment for age, HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and…
Mean maternal second-trimester hemoglobin concentration and outcome of pregnancy: a population-based study.
2008
Both anemia and the lack of physiological maternal plasma volume expansion during the second trimester are associated with higher maternal morbidity and poor fetal outcome. Mean hemoglobin levels between the 14th and 30th gestational weeks were calculated in 4985 consecutive pregnant women and were correlated with outcome data of pregnancy. It was found that 9.4% of participants (n = 3959) had normal pregnancy outcome. Mean maternal hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in women with a normal pregnancy (11.96 ± 0.94 g/dL) compared with women who had adverse outcome events (preeclampsia, n = 423, 12.5 ± 1.0 g/dL, P < .0001; early birth, n = 464, 12.2 ± 1.01 g/dL, P < .0001; low b…