Search results for "Rope"

showing 10 items of 10402 documents

Phenotypic Divergence among West European Populations of Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus: The Effects of Migratory and Foraging Behaviours

2013

[EN] Divergent selection and local adaptation are responsible for many phenotypic differences between populations, potentially leading to speciation through the evolution of reproductive barriers. Here we evaluated the morphometric divergence among west European populations of Reed Bunting in order to determine the extent of local adaptation relative to two important selection pressures often associated with speciation in birds: migration and diet. We show that, as expected by theory, migratory E. s. schoeniclus had longer and more pointed wings and a slightly smaller body mass than the resident subspecies, with the exception of E. s. lusitanica, which despite having rounder wings was the s…

0106 biological sciencesMaleZOOLOGIASexual-dimorphismAnimal EvolutionSpeciationBuntinglcsh:MedicineWing-lengthSubspecies01 natural sciencesDivergent Evolution010605 ornithologyBehavioral EcologyOrnithologyNatural SelectionWings AnimalPasseriformeslcsh:Science10. No inequalityeducation.field_of_studyMultidisciplinaryNatural selectionEcologyEcologyBill sizeReproductive isolationBiodiversityAdaptation PhysiologicalEuropePhenotypeDarwins finchesFemaleResearch ArticleMorphologyEvolutionary ProcessesEvolutionForagingPopulationBOTANICAZoologyEmberiza schoeniclusBiologyForms of Evolution010603 evolutionary biologyMarsh sparrowsBody-sizeMicroevolutionAnimalsAdaptationeducationBiologySelectionLocal adaptationEvolutionary Biologylcsh:RFeeding Behaviorbiology.organism_classificationOrganismal EvolutionEvolutionary EcologyLinear Modelslcsh:QAnimal MigrationZoology
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Genomic Analysis of European Drosophila melanogaster Populations Reveals Longitudinal Structure, Continent-Wide Selection, and Previously Unknown DNA…

2020

Genetic variation is the fuel of evolution, with standing genetic variation especially important for short-term evolution and local adaptation. To date, studies of spatiotemporal patterns of genetic variation in natural populations have been challenging, as comprehensive sampling is logistically difficult, and sequencing of entire populations costly. Here, we address these issues using a collaborative approach, sequencing 48 pooled population samples from 32 locations, and perform the first continent-wide genomic analysis of genetic variation in European Drosophila melanogaster. Our analyses uncover longitudinal population structure, provide evidence for continent-wide selective sweeps, ide…

0106 biological sciencesMaleincipient sexual isolationQH301 BiologyAcclimatizationADNGenome Insect01 natural sciencesPopulation genomicsAdaptation; Clines; Demography; Population genomics; Selection; SNPs; Structural variants; Acclimatization; Altitude; Animals; DNA Viruses; Drosophila melanogaster; Europe; Genome Mitochondrial; Haplotypes; Insect Viruses; Male; Phylogeography; Polymorphism Single Nucleotide; Genome Insect; Genomic Structural Variation; Microbiota; Selection GeneticSDG 13 - Climate ActionComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSeducation.field_of_study0303 health sciencesAltitude[SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]PE&RCgeneettinen muunteluPhylogeographyDrosophila melanogasterLaboratory of GeneticsTransposable elementnorth-americanmahlakärpäsetSettore BIO/18 - GENETICAselectionLaboratorium voor Erfelijkheidsleeramino-acid polymorphism03 medical and health sciencesGeneticGeneticsAdaptation demographyMicrobiomeAdaptationPolymorphismeducationDrosophilaMolecular BiologySelectionEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsDemography[SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]DNAchemistryEvolutionary biologyGenome MitochondrialGenomic Structural Variationinversion in(3r)payneAdaptationPopulation genomicsStructural variantsGenètica[SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Symbiosisadaptation demographyCandidate genenucleotide polymorphismAcademicSubjects/SCI01180chemistry.chemical_compoundMelanogaster2. Zero hungerGenomebiologyMicrobiotaSingle NucleotideClinesclinesMitochondrialEuropepopulaatiogenetiikkatransposable elementsDrosophila melanogasterSNPsnatural-populationspopulation genomicsPopulationnext-generationDrosòfila melanogasterInsect Viruses010603 evolutionary biologyPolymorphism Single NucleotideQH301latitudinal clineGenetic variationAnimalsSelection GeneticSelection (genetic algorithm)DiscoveriesLocal adaptation030304 developmental biologylife-historyAcademicSubjects/SCI01130DNA Virusesstructural variantsDASbiology.organism_classificationHaplotypes13. Climate actionperimä[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and EcologyInsectDNAMolecular Biology and Evolution
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Identifying small pelagic Mediterranean fish schools from acoustic and environmental data using optimized artificial neural networks

2019

Abstract The Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union aims to exploit fish stocks at a level of Maximum Sustainable Yield by 2020 at the latest. At the Mediterranean level, the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) has highlighted the importance of reversing the observed declining trend of fish stocks. In this complex context, it is important to obtain reliable biomass estimates to support scientifically sound advice for sustainable management of marine resources. This paper presents a machine learning methodology for the classification of pelagic species schools from acoustic and environmental data. In particular, the methodology was tuned for the recognition of an…

0106 biological sciencesMarine conservationMaximum sustainable yieldFish stockFish school010603 evolutionary biology01 natural sciencesAcoustic surveyEnvironmental dataAnchovymedia_common.cataloged_instanceEuropean unionEcology Evolution Behavior and Systematicsmedia_commonEcologybiologySettore INF/01 - Informaticabusiness.industry010604 marine biology & hydrobiologyApplied MathematicsEcological ModelingEnvironmental resource managementPelagic zonebiology.organism_classificationClassificationComputer Science ApplicationsGeographyComputational Theory and MathematicsFishing industryModeling and SimulationbusinessNeural networks
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Morphology, geographical variation and the subspecies of Marsh TitPoecile palustrisin Britain and central Europe

2016

Capsule: All British Marsh Tits belong to subspecies Poecile palustris dresseri, being smaller than nominate P. p. palustris of central Europe. Aims: Determining the subspecies of Marsh Tit in Britain to test whether ssp. P. p. palustris occurs in northern England and Scotland, by assessing regional variation in size compared with central European birds. Methods: 1147 wing length and 250 tail length measurements from 953 Marsh Tits were compared between eight British locations to test for regional variation. Biometrics were compared between birds from Britain and six locations within the continental European range of ssp. palustris. Results: There was no regional variation in wing or tail l…

0106 biological sciencesMarshRange (biology)biometrySubspeciesAge and sex010603 evolutionary biology01 natural sciencesPoecile palustris010605 ornithologytailsex determination analysisPoecile palustrisEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsNature and Landscape Conservationgeographygeography.geographical_feature_categorybiologyEcologygeographical variationbiology.organism_classificationVariation (linguistics)EnglandScotlandRegional variationbirdsCentral European regionZoologyBird Study
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Sourdough “ciabatta” bread enriched with powdered insects: Physicochemical, microbiological, and simulated intestinal digesta functional properties

2021

Abstract Powdered mealworm (MW) and buffalo worm (BW) larvae were used to functionalize sourdough Italian-style breads. Sourdough inoculum was started with Levilactobacillus brevis, Weissella cibaria and Leuconostoc citreum. The doughs were SBS (semolina plus powdered BW larvae and sourdough) and SMS (semolina plus powdered MW larvae and sourdough) whose pHs (4.32 and 4.21, respectively) were higher than that of control (3.81). The highest fermentation quotient (lactate/acetate molar ratio) was recorded in SMS (4.46). LAB reached viable counts of about 109 CFU g−1 in almost all doughs. Insects impacted bread VOCs with dodecanal, 2.4-dodecadienal and 2-octenal-2-butyl. SBS and SMS increased …

0106 biological sciencesMealwormin vitro digestionSettore AGR/13 - Chimica Agrariamedicine.disease_cause01 natural sciencesIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineeringchemistry.chemical_compound0404 agricultural biotechnologyLeuconostoc citreumMolar ratioInsect-containing breadSettore BIO/10 - Biochimica010608 biotechnologyLactic acid bacteriamedicineFood scienceWeissella cibariaFunctional properties2. Zero hungerbiologyChemistryfungidigestive oral and skin physiologyfood and beverages04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesGeneral ChemistryDodecanalbiology.organism_classification040401 food scienceAntioxidant capacityGlycemic indexSourdoughInsect powderFermentationSettore AGR/16 - Microbiologia AgrariaFood ScienceInnovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies
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Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research

2014

Malanotte-Rizzoli, Paola ... et. al.-- 76 pages

0106 biological sciencesMediterranean climate010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesSettore GEO/12 - Oceanografia e Fisica dell'AtmosferaWind stressReviewPhysical oceanographyOceanography01 natural sciencesMediterranean seaphysical forcing; variability; Mediterranean; future researchMediterranean Sea14. Life underwaterlcsh:Environmental sciences0105 earth and related environmental sciences[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmospherelcsh:GE1-350Forcing (recursion theory)business.industry010604 marine biology & hydrobiologyEnvironmental resource managementProperty distributionlcsh:Geography. Anthropology. RecreationObject (philosophy)OceanographyGeographylcsh:G13. Climate actionInternal variabilitybusinessOcean Science
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Synthetic cartography for mapping biodiversity in the Mediterranean region: Sicily as a case study

2018

This paper proposes a new hierarchical land classification system for the mapping of species distribution at national or regional scales. Our integrative framework incorporates two hierarchical levels inferred from historical, climatic, geomorphological and geological attributes. The feasibility of this proposal is based on the use of historical collections and literature data, as well as on its ability to combine old low-precision data with more recent records of higher resolution. The system is set up for vascular plants, but it can also be used for other taxonomic groups. Furthermore, it has the potential for application to the whole Mediterranean region because it is based on informatio…

0106 biological sciencesMediterranean climateCartographyGeographic information systemConservation Biologyspatial analysisSpecies distributionBiodiversity & Conservationdata analysisBiodiversityDistribution (economics)Plant Science010603 evolutionary biology01 natural sciencesRemote Sensing and GISFloristics & DistributionPlant sciencelcsh:BotanydistributionTaxonomic rankEcology Evolution Behavior and Systematicsbiological collectionsbusiness.industryplantsSouthern Europe and MediterraneanData analysiPlantSpecies InventoriesEcology Evolution Behavior and Systematiclcsh:QK1-989GIS softwareGeographyAngiospermaeBiogeographySpatial analysiBiological collectionbusinessCartography010606 plant biology & botanyResearch ArticlePhytoKeys
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Environmental factors influencing the spatio-temporal distribution of Carybdea marsupialis (Lineo, 1978, Cubozoa) in South-Western Mediterranean coas…

2017

21 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, supporting information 10.1371/journal.pone.0181611.s001, 10.1371/journal.pone.0181611.s002, 10.1371/journal.pone.0181611.s003, 10.1371/journal.pone.0181611.s004, 10.1371/journal.pone.0181611.s005, 10.1371/journal.pone.0181611.s006

0106 biological sciencesMediterranean climateJellyfishAtmospheric ScienceTopographySalinityBeachesved/biology.organism_classification_rank.speciesPopulation Dynamicslcsh:MedicineMarine and Aquatic SciencesFresh WaterWind01 natural sciencesPhysical ChemistryMediterranean seaAbundance (ecology)Carybdea marsupialisSouth-Western Mediterranean coastsOceansZoologíaSpatio-temporal distributionlcsh:ScienceMultidisciplinarybiologyGeographyEcologyTemperatureChemistryGeographyProductivity (ecology)Physical SciencesCarybdeidaeSeasonsResearch ArticleFreshwater EnvironmentsSettore BIO/07 - EcologiaSubtropics010603 evolutionary biologyPhosphatesCnidariaMeteorologySpatio-Temporal AnalysisBodies of waterbiology.animalEnvironmental factorsMediterranean SeaWater MovementsAnimalsHumansSeawaterEcosystemPopulation DensityLandformsNitratesved/biology010604 marine biology & hydrobiologylcsh:REcology and Environmental SciencesChemical CompoundsOrganismsAquatic EnvironmentsBiology and Life SciencesGeomorphologyEcologíaModels Theoreticalbiology.organism_classificationInvertebratesChemical PropertiesSpainEarth SciencesCubozoalcsh:QJellyfishCarybdea marsupialisAnimal DistributionPLoS ONE
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Seascape connectivity of European anchovy in the Central Mediterranean Sea revealed by weighted Lagrangian backtracking and bio-energetic modelling

2020

AbstractEcological connectivity is one of the most important processes that shape marine populations and ecosystems, determining their distribution, persistence, and productivity. Here we use the synergy of Lagrangian back-trajectories, otolith-derived ages of larvae, and satellite-based chlorophyll-a to identify spawning areas of European anchovy from ichthyoplanktonic data, collected in the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea), i.e., the crucial channel in between the European and African continents. We obtain new evidence of ecosystem connectivity between North Africa and recruitment regions off the southern European coasts. We assess this result by using bio-energetic modeling, …

0106 biological sciencesMediterranean climateMarine conservationSettore BIO/07 - Ecologia010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesClimateEcological connectivityPopulation DynamicsFisherieslcsh:MedicineDistribution (economics)Environment01 natural sciencesModels BiologicalArticleMediterranean seaLagrangian back-trajectoriesEuropean anchovyMediterranean SeaAnimalsEuropean anchovyEcosystemlcsh:ScienceEcosystem0105 earth and related environmental sciencesSeascapeMultidisciplinarygeography.geographical_feature_categorybiologybusiness.industryPhysical oceanography010604 marine biology & hydrobiologylcsh:RFishesbiology.organism_classificationFisheryStrait of SicilyGeographyLarvalcsh:QbusinessChannel (geography)
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Fruit production and quality evaluation of four litchi cultivars (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) grown in Mediterranean climate

2017

Introduction - The agronomic and qualitative responses of the litchi fruit (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) grown in Mediterranean climate are not yet studied. In this study, yield components, physico-chemical and sensory traits of four commercial litchi cultivars were recorded over two productive seasons. Materials and methods - Fruits of the cvs Tai So, Wai Chee, Brewster and Kwai Mai were collected at commercial maturity stage and subjected to productive (yield, efficiency, number of fruits, crop load), analytical (fruit weight, transversal diameter, longitudinal diameter, moisture, total soluble solid content (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, seed weight, peel weight, percentage of …

0106 biological sciencesMediterranean climatePlant compositionPhysico-chemical propertieSettore AGR/13 - Chimica AgrariaYield componentBiologyMicronutrient compositionHorticulture01 natural sciencesProtein content0404 agricultural biotechnologySoluble solidsCultivarFruit qualityCrop yield04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesAscorbic acid040401 food scienceLitchi (Litchi chinensis)Settore AGR/03 - Arboricoltura Generale E Coltivazioni ArboreeHorticultureItalyAgronomy and Crop ScienceFibre content010606 plant biology & botanyFood Science
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