Search results for "Route of administration"
showing 10 items of 30 documents
New methods of delivery of amphotericin B.
1993
Fungal infections continue to be a major problem in the management of immunocompromised patients. Despite its formidable toxicity and treatment failures, amphotericin B is still the drug of choice for most of these infections. One strategy for reducing the toxicity of amphotericin B and thus permitting administration of higher doses is that of using less toxic formulations. Entrapping amphotericin B into liposomes or binding it to other substances reduces its toxicity to host cells, whereas the selective binding of amphotericin B to ergosterol preserves its toxicity to fungal cells. Adding fungus-specific antibodies to such liposomes may further increase the efficiency of drug targeting. Th…
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hydroxyethyl starch in hypovolemic pigs; a comparison of peripheral and intraosseous infusion.
1999
Intraosseous (i.o.) infusion is considered a useful technique for the administration of medications and fluids in emergency situations when peripheral intravascular access is not possible. This study investigated the effectiveness of i.o. versus intravenous (i.v.) infusion of hydroxyethyl starch (HES 200/0.5) in hypovolemic pigs. Twenty-three pigs (8- to 9-week-old) were anaesthesized, instrumented and blood was withdrawn (25-30 ml/kg) to50 mmHg mean arterial pressure (MAP). The animals were left untreated in haemorrhage for 30 min. Relevant haemodynamic parameters were monitored and blood samples were collected for blood gas and HES concentration analysis. Infusion of HES via i.v. or i.o. …
The Evolution of Hemophilia Care: Clinical and Laboratory Advances, Opportunities, and Challenges
2020
AbstractHemophilia A (HA) and B (HB) are X-linked bleeding disorders caused by mutations in the F8 or F9 gene that result in the absence, or reduced activity, of the corresponding clotting factor. The severity of bleeding and related complications is proportional to the amount of residual circulating functional factor. The development of a safe and effective hemophilia treatment lasted several decades and has been mainly based on clotting factor replacement. Advances in the engineering and manufacturing of clotting concentrates have led to the widespread availability of extended half-life products that reduced the number of intravenous infusions needed to achieve adequate trough levels. The…
Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
1984
Chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis, has undergone with the passing of years great changes because of the discovery of new antibiotics, and also because of a more precise identification of their effectiveness in terms of ability and speed in sputum conversion and to the ability to induce recovery and avoid relapses. Therefore in the anti-tubercular therapy we must consider the following points: Effectiveness of drugs Route of administration Recovery time Clinical and bacteriological relapses Toxicity Cost/benefit ratio
An Italian survey on the attitudes in treating breakthrough cancer pain in hospice.
2010
As recognition and treatment of breakthrough cancer pain (BcP) depend on the education and knowledge of palliative care physicians, it is important to systematically explore the attitudes of palliative care physicians in hospices or palliative care units. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of hospice physicians in Italy regarding BcP and its treatment. All hospices existing in Italy were interviewed to gather information about provision of BP medication, drugs of choice, preferred route of administration, methods to choose the dose, and choice of BcP medication based on opioid administered for background analgesia. Of 158 hospices registered, 122 centers agreed …
Oral vinorelbine in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: rationale and implications for patient management.
2007
Vinorelbine is an established treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), both as a single agent and in combination chemotherapy. Recently, an oral form of this agent has been developed. Before accepting an established agent in a different administration form, rigorous testing is required to answer such questions as reliable bioavailability, continued safety and preservation of efficacy. In addition, an oral agent must provide patient convenience and acceptance, while being an economically sound approach. Oral vinorelbine was found to have acceptable and reliable pharmacokinetic profiles at clinically relevant dosage levels. Oral vinorelbine was found to have approximately 40…
Comparison of the therapeutic effects of the dietary and topical forms of Zizyphus jujuba extract on oral mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil: a gold…
2014
Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is a common inflammatory complication among cancerous patients as an ad verse effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and identify the appropriate route of administration of extract of Zizyphus jujuba in 5-flurouracile induced OM induction in golden hamster. Materials and Methods: In a prospective randomized double blind animal study, OM was induced in 56 male golden hamsters by 5-FU (60 mg/kg) on days 0, 5, and 10 of the study. The cheek pouch was scratched with a sterile needle on once daily on days 3 and 4. On days 14-17, 300 mg/kg dietary and 20% Z. jujuba gel and gel base groups were treated and then com…
Chorioretinopathia serosa centralis (CSC) und Kortikosteroide
2008
Background Corticosteroids are under suspicion of playing an important role in the development of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Patients and methods In a prospective study the course of CSC was evaluated in a consecutive series of 46 patients, who received the diagnosis of CSC in the period 4 / 2004 - 12 / 2005. Data analysis was focused on the complete medical and ocular history and the ocular course of this disease. Results 27 patients had been taking exogenous corticosteroids (oral, intravenous, inhalative, cutaneous and intraarticular) within 4 weeks before onset of symptoms. Additionally, one case with Cushing's disease and 2 pregnant women were included. These 30 / 46 patien…
The impact of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws on the quality of life in cancer patients
2020
Background To evaluate the impact of oral health on the quality of life (QOL) of individuals undergoing cancer treatment at the time of diagnosis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Material and Methods The present cross-sectional study analyzed patients with MRONJ from 2013 to 2019. The collected data included demographic data, base disease, medications associated with MRONJ, route of administration and time of use, signs, symptoms, and tomographic features of acute MRONJ, staging according to American Association of Oral and maxillofacial Surgeons position paper 2014 (AAOMS), type of dental treatment performed, outcome, and the responses to the Oral Health Impact Profi…
Which route of administration of acid tranexamic, intravenous or intra-articular, is more effective in the control of post-surgical bleeding after a …
2019
Abstract Introduction One of the most frequent complications after a total hip arthroplasty (THA) is bleeding, intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) is used to reduce it. We considered it necessary to carry out a study to clarify which administration route is superior. Material and method Prospective, controlled and randomized study in 2 arms carried out between February 2017 and February 2018. 15 mg/kg of intravenous TXA were administered in group A and 2 g of intra-articular TXA in group B. The values of haemoglobin and haematocrit were evaluated at 24 h-72 h, blood loss volume, drained blood volume, transfusions and complications. Results 78 patients were included, 31 with intravenous treatm…