Search results for "S3"

Modulation of Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Hyperphosphorylation by Nonstructural Proteins NS3, NS4A, and NS4B

1999

NS5A of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a highly phosphorylated protein involved in resistance against interferon and required most likely for replication of the viral genome. Phosphorylation of this protein is mediated by a cellular kinase(s) generating multiple proteins with different electrophoretic mobilities. In the case of the genotype 1b isolate HCV-J, in addition to the basal phosphorylated NS5A (designated pp56), a hyperphosphorylated form (pp58) was found on coexpression of NS4A (T. Kaneko, Y. Tanji, S. Satoh, M. Hijikata, S. Asabe, K. Kimura, and K. Shimotohno, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205:320‐326, 1994). Using a comparative analysis of two full-length genomes of genotype 1b…

In vitro studies on the activation of the hepatitis C virus NS3 proteinase by the NS4A cofactor.

1996

AbstractProteolytic processing of the nonstructural proteins of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is mediated by two viral proteinases: the NS2-3 proteinase cleaving at the NS2/3 junction and the NS3 serine-type proteinase responsible for processing at the NS3/4A, NS4A/B, NS4B/5A, and NS5A/B sites. Activity of the NS3 proteinase is modulated by NS4A. In the absence of this cofactor processing at the NS3-dependent sites does not occur or, in the case of the NS5A/B junction, is poor but increased when NS4A is present. Although recent studies demonstrated that proteinase activation requires direct interaction between NS3 and NS4A, the mechanism by which NS4A exerts the activation function is not kno…

ReALity

Understanding how biological systems maintain long-term stability is the central theme of this initiative. We seek to understand how complex cellular systems react and adapt to existential threats of intrinsic and environmental origins and maintain homeostasis to promote longevity." Why do some people stand stably in their lives, while others are struggling with every day's burden and sometimes even develop mental disease? Why do some individuals maintain mental flexibility into old age, while others are locked in rigid behaviors early in their lives or rapidly develop dementia as they get older? Why is the lifetime incidence of cancer high in some species, while the disease is virtually un…

The Center for Taste and Food Sciences (CSGA)

The CSGA is structured into 10 research teams, the ChemoSens platform (IBiSA certified, ISO9001) and a technical platform as well as research support services. The CSGA has about 200 staff members, including 133 permanent staff (researchers, teacher-researchers, physicians, engineers, technicians and support staff) and about 60 non-permanent staff (fixed-term contracts, PhD students, post-doctoral fellows, trainees). The CSGA project is part of the general theme of the study of eating behavior, its regulation and consequences on well-being and health. The general objective is a better understanding of the physicochemical, biological and psychological mechanisms underlying sensory perception…

Reproductive Medicine

Infertility, or the inability to conceive a child, is a medical condition recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) that causes serious health problems for affected women, as well as significant epidemiological and sociological repercussions for society. It is estimated that this condition affects 15% of couples worldwide, with its incidence increasing, affecting 10% of couples who want to conceive their first child and between 10-25% of those who want to have a second child. The European Parliament's report on the future demographic of Europe (2007/2156 (INI)) highlights the need to consider infertility as a sensitive and important issue for consideration in articles 25 and 26. The…